The Transdiagnostic Global Impression - Psychopathology scale (TGI-P): Initial development of a novel transdiagnostic tool for assessing, tracking, and visualising psychiatric symptom severity in everyday practice.

Lacking biomarkers in psychiatry calls for a valid and reliable assessment of psychopathology across mental disorders that is easy to use, bridges research and clinical care, and that can capture clinician and patient perspectives. Herein we propose, a novel, brief, transdiagnostic tool to assess and visualize symptom severity in different psychiatric disorders. The Transdiagnostic Global Impression - Psychopathology scale (TGI-P) is based on the Clinical Global Impression - Severity scale (CGI-S), which was originally designed to measure global illness severity in one score.

Risk factors for migraine disease progression: a narrative review for a patient-centered approach.

Background: In individuals with migraine, attacks may increase in frequency, severity, or both. Preventing migraine progression has emerged as a treatment goal in headache subspecialty practice, but there may be less awareness in general neurology or primary care settings where most people with migraine who seek treatment consult. Herein, we review the definition of and risk factors for migraine progression and consider strategies that could reduce its risk.

Treatment with eptinezumab for migraine prevention in people with chronic migraine and medication-overuse headache: a plain language summary.

What Is This Summary About?: This is a summary of three articles describing preventive treatment of migraine in participants with a diagnosis of both chronic migraine and medication-overuse headache in a study called PROMISE-2 (PRevention Of Migraine via Intravenous ALD403 Safety and Efficacy-2). People living with chronic migraine and medication-overuse headache have one of the most disabling, costly, and difficult-to-treat headache disorders.

What Were The Results?: After preventive migraine treatment with eptinezumab (trade name Vyepti), participants with chronic migraine and medication-overuse headache experienced fewer migraine days, a reduced severity of migraine attacks, and a reduced use of acute medication.

Eptinezumab improved patient-reported outcomes in patients with migraine and medication-overuse headache: Subgroup analysis of the randomized PROMISE-2 trial.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of eptinezumab on patient-reported outcomes in patients with chronic migraine (CM) and medication-overuse headache (MOH).

Background: MOH is a secondary headache disorder commonly occurring in patients with CM and associated with functional and psychological impairments. Medication overuse and monthly headache and migraine days were reduced with eptinezumab compared with placebo as published previously; however, these outcomes do not fully capture the burden of migraine and treatment effect.

Quantity changes in acute headache medication use among patients with chronic migraine treated with eptinezumab: subanalysis of the PROMISE-2 study.

Background: Patients with chronic migraine (CM) treated with eptinezumab in the PROMISE-2 trial achieved greater reductions in migraine and headache frequency, impact, and acute headache medication (AHM) use than did patients who received placebo. This post hoc analysis examines relationships between headache frequency reductions and changes in AHM use in patients in PROMISE-2.

Methods: PROMISE-2 was a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in adults with CM.

Early response to eptinezumab indicates high likelihood of continued response in patients with chronic migraine.

Background: A clinical ability to describe the response trajectory of patients receiving preventive migraine treatment could expedite and improve therapeutic management decisions. This post hoc analysis of the PROMISE-2 study evaluated the consistency and predictive power of Month 1 treatment response on later response in patients with chronic migraine.

Methods: PROMISE-2 was a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that randomized adults with chronic migraine to eptinezumab 100 mg, 300 mg, or placebo administered IV every 12 weeks for up to 24 weeks (2 infusions over 6 study months).

Patient preference for early onset of efficacy of preventive migraine treatments.

Objective: The objective of this study was to ascertain to what extent adults with migraine value an early onset of efficacy for preventive migraine treatments.

Background: In placebo-controlled clinical trials, treatment with eptinezumab resulted in a lower proportion of adults with migraine on the first day following infusion (day 1; 14% point-reduction for chronic migraine [CM] in PROMISE-2 and 8% point-reduction for episodic migraine [EM] in PROMISE-1).

Methods: Adults with migraine completed an online preference-elicitation thresholding exercise to ascertain to what extent they value not having a migraine on day 1 postdosing relative to a clinically relevant reduction in number of migraine days during the first month postdosing (≥2 migraine-free days for CM and ≥1 migraine-free days for EM).

Patient-reported outcomes, health-related quality of life, and acute medication use in patients with a ≥ 75% response to eptinezumab: subgroup pooled analysis of the PROMISE trials.

Background: PROMISE-1 and PROMISE-2 evaluated the preventive efficacy, tolerability, and safety of eptinezumab, a calcitonin gene-related peptide-targeted monoclonal antibody, in adults with episodic (EM) and chronic migraine (CM), finding significant reductions in migraine frequency. This post hoc analysis compared patient-reported outcomes (PROs), health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and acute medication use in patients with a ≥ 75% migraine responder rate (MRR) after treatment with eptinezumab to patients with a ≥ 50- < 75% MRR.

Methods: PROMISE-1 and PROMISE-2 were phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies.

Preventive migraine treatment with eptinezumab reduced acute headache medication and headache frequency to below diagnostic thresholds in patients with chronic migraine and medication-overuse headache.

Objective: This post hoc analysis in patients medically diagnosed with chronic migraine (CM) and medication-overuse headache (MOH) evaluated reductions in the use of acute headache medication (AHM) and sustained changes in the diagnostic status of CM and MOH following eptinezumab treatment in the PROMISE-2 study.

Background: Eptinezumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits calcitonin gene-related peptide, is approved in the United States for the preventive treatment of migraine. A previous analysis showed that eptinezumab reduced monthly migraine days and was well tolerated in the subgroup of PROMISE-2 patients diagnosed with both CM and MOH.

Safety and tolerability of eptinezumab in patients with migraine: a pooled analysis of 5 clinical trials.

Background: The humanized anti-CGRP monoclonal antibody eptinezumab has been evaluated in five large-scale clinical trials conducted in patients with migraine. This integrated analysis was conducted to evaluate the comprehensive safety and tolerability of eptinezumab in patients with migraine across these studies.

Methods: Data were pooled from four randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies and the first year of one open-label study.

Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of eptinezumab in patients with a dual diagnosis of chronic migraine and medication-overuse headache: Subgroup analysis of PROMISE-2.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of eptinezumab 100 and 300 mg compared with placebo in patients with the dual diagnosis of chronic migraine (CM) and medication-overuse headache (MOH).

Background: Eptinezumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide, may be effective for treating patients with a dual diagnosis of CM and MOH.

Methods: PROMISE-2 (NCT02974153) was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study that comprised a screening visit, a 28-day pretreatment period, and a 32-week study duration.

Patient characteristics, burden and pharmacotherapy of treatment-resistant schizophrenia: results from a survey of 204 US psychiatrists.

Background: Minimal/non-response to antipsychotic treatment, and persistent positive symptoms despite treatment, are common among patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to characterize a US treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) population in terms of patient demographics, burden of symptoms, treatment history, and factors influencing therapeutic choice.

Methods: In an online survey, 204 psychiatrists self-selected and completed three patient records: two TRS and one schizophrenia ('non-TRS').

Experiences, attitudes, and perceptions of caregivers of individuals with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a qualitative study.

Background: Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) affects about one-third of individuals with schizophrenia. People with TRS do not experience sustained symptom relief and at the same time have the most severe disease-related disability and associated costs among individuals with severe mental disorders. Like caregivers of people with treatment-responsive schizophrenia, caregivers of individuals with TRS experience the disease burden along with their care recipients; however, for those providing care for individuals with TRS, the stress of the burden is unrelenting due to uncontrolled symptoms and a lack of effective treatment options.

Patient-centered assessment of cognitive symptoms of depression.

Objective: To identify and explore concepts important to patients with cognitive symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) and adapt an existing patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure to assess these symptoms.

Methods: Four focus groups were conducted with MDD patients (n = 33) to elicit relevant concepts and determine whether one of several PRO scales could be used to assess cognitive symptoms of depression. Following selection and minor modification of the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ), cognitive debriefing interviews were conducted with additional patients (n = 17) to further refine and adapt this measure for use in MDD.

Oxygen reduces accumulation of type IV collagen in endothelial cell subcellular matrix via oxidative stress.

Anchorage-dependent cells in culture attach initially to proteins adsorbed to the culture substrate from the medium, and produce and deposit a subcellular matrix during the course of the cultivation. The aim of this study was to determine whether the concentration of O(2) in the culture atmosphere affects the accumulation of type IV collagen and laminin under human endothelial-cell monolayers. Enzyme-linked immunoassays on decellularized polystyrene substrates showed less type IV collagen, but not less laminin, under cells incubated in the standard atmosphere (5% CO(2) in air, i.

The recognition of adsorbed and denatured proteins of different topographies by beta2 integrins and effects on leukocyte adhesion and activation.

Leukocyte beta2 integrins Mac-1 and p150,95 are promiscuous cell-surface receptors that recognise and mediate cell adhesion to a variety of adsorbed and denatured proteins. We used albumin as a model protein to study whether leukocyte adhesion and activation depended on the nm-scale topography of a protein adlayer. Albumin adsorbed from the native conformation gave rise to different adlayer topographies and different amounts of adsorbed protein on hydrophobic and relatively hydrophilic polystyrene and silanised silicon-wafer surfaces, whereas adsorption of pre-denatured Alb resulted in similar adlayer topographies and similar amounts of adsorbed protein on these surfaces.

Activated porcine embryonic brain endothelial cells induce a proliferative human T-lymphocyte response.

Transplantation of allogeneic embryonic neural tissue is a potential treatment for patients with Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. The supply of human donor tissue is limited, and alternatives such as the use of animal (e.g.

Hydrodynamic guiding for addressing subsets of immobilized cells and molecules in microfluidic systems.

Background: The interest in microfluidics and surface patterning is increasing as the use of these technologies in diverse biomedical applications is substantiated. Controlled molecular and cellular surface patterning is a costly and time-consuming process. Methods for keeping multiple separate experimental conditions on a patterned area are, therefore, needed to amplify the amount of biological information that can be retrieved from a patterned surface area.

Size-correlated division of labour and spatial distribution of workers in the driver ant, Dorylus molestus.

Driver ants ( Dorylus spp.) show a high degree of worker polymorphism. Previous reports suggest that large Dorylus workers are specialised for defensive tasks.

Lipid-mediated glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor gene transfer to cultured porcine ventral mesencephalic tissue.

Transplantation of dopaminergic ventral mesencephalic (VM) tissue into the basal ganglia of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) shows at best moderate symptomatic relief in some of the treated cases. Experimental animal studies and clinical trials with allogenic and xenogenic pig-derived VM tissue grafts to PD patients indicate that one reason for the poor outcome of neural transplantation is the low survival and differentiation of grafted dopaminergic neurons. To improve dopaminergic cell survival through a gene-therapeutic approach we have established and report here results of lipid-mediated transfer of the gene for human glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to embryonic (E27/28) porcine VM tissue kept as organotypic explant cultures.