Non-invasive diagnostic test for lung cancer using biospectroscopy and variable selection techniques in saliva samples.

Lung cancer is one of the most commonly occurring malignant tumours worldwide. Although some reference methods such as X-ray, computed tomography or bronchoscope are widely used for clinical diagnosis of lung cancer, there is still a need to develop new methods for early detection of lung cancer. Especially needed are approaches that might be non-invasive and fast with high analytical precision and statistically reliable.

Point-of-Care Disease Screening in Primary Care Using Saliva: A Biospectroscopy Approach for Lung Cancer and Prostate Cancer.

Saliva is a largely unexplored liquid biopsy that can be readily obtained noninvasively. Not dissimilar to blood plasma or serum, it contains a vast array of bioconstituents that may be associated with the absence or presence of a disease condition. Given its ease of access, the use of saliva is potentially ideal in a point-of-care screening or diagnostic test.

ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy with Chemometrics for Analysis of Saliva Samples Obtained in a Lung-Cancer-Screening Programme: Application of Swabs as a Paradigm for High Throughput in a Clinical Setting.

There is an increasing need for inexpensive and rapid screening tests in point-of-care clinical oncology settings. Herein, we develop a swab "dip" test in saliva obtained from consenting patients participating in a lung-cancer-screening programme being undertaken in North West England. In a pilot study, a total of 211 saliva samples ( = 170 benign, 41 designated cancer-positive) were randomly taken during the course of this prospective lung-cancer-screening programme.

Exogenous glutamine: the clinical evidence.

We know that critically ill patients suffering from undernutrition with a limited nutritional reserve have a poorer outcome. Furthermore, having a low body mass index has been shown to be an independent predictor of excess mortality in multiple organ failure. Therefore, nutritional support has gained increasing interest in critical illness with the hope of preventing or attenuating the effects of malnutrition.

Effects of equipment and technique on peak flow measurements.

Background: Different lung function equipment and different respiratory manoeuvres may produce different Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) results. Although the PEF is the most common lung function test, there have been few studies of these effects and no previous study has evaluated both factors in a single group of patients.

Methods: We studied 36 subjects (PEF range 80-570 l/min).

Time course and differential responses of the major heat shock protein families in human skeletal muscle following acute nondamaging treadmill exercise.

The exercise-induced expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in rodent models is relatively well defined. In contrast, comparable data from human studies are limited and the exercise-induced stress response of human skeletal muscle is far from understood. This study has characterized the time course and magnitude of the HSP response in the skeletal muscles of a healthy active, but untrained, young male population following a running exercise protocol.

Are there any real differences between enteral feed formulations used in the critically ill?

Purpose Of Review: We know that adequate nutritional support is essential in the treatment of critically ill patients, because it can, if applied appropriately, improve the clinical outcome. Increasing evidence seems to suggest that malnutrition itself is a predictor of poor outcome in intensive care, and significant underfeeding during intensive care stay increases the risk of bloodstream infections. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in enteral nutrition in the critically ill adult patient.