Decoding Early Psychoses: Unraveling Stable Microstructural Features Associated With Psychopathology Across Independent Cohorts.

Background: Patients with early psychosis (EP) (within 3 years after psychosis onset) show significant variability, which makes predicting outcomes challenging. Currently, little evidence exists for stable relationships between neural microstructural properties and symptom profiles across EP diagnoses, which limits the development of early interventions.

Methods: A data-driven approach, partial least squares correlation, was used across 2 independent datasets to examine multivariate relationships between white matter properties and symptomatology and to identify stable and generalizable signatures in EP.

Decoding Early Psychoses: Unraveling Stable Microstructural Features Associated with Psychopathology Across Independent Cohorts.

Background: Early Psychosis patients (EP, within 3 years after psychosis onset) show significant variability, making outcome predictions challenging. Currently, little evidence exists for stable relationships between neural microstructural properties and symptom profiles across EP diagnoses, limiting the development of early interventions.

Methods: A data-driven approach, Partial Least Squares (PLS) correlation, was used across two independent datasets to examine multivariate relationships between white matter (WM) properties and symptomatology, to identify stable and generalizable signatures in EP.

Thiol-Ene Clickable Gelatin: A Platform Bioink for Multiple 3D Biofabrication Technologies.

Bioprinting can be defined as the art of combining materials and cells to fabricate designed, hierarchical 3D hybrid constructs. Suitable materials, so called bioinks, have to comply with challenging rheological processing demands and rapidly form a stable hydrogel postprinting in a cytocompatible manner. Gelatin is often adopted for this purpose, usually modified with (meth-)acryloyl functionalities for postfabrication curing by free radical photopolymerization, resulting in a hydrogel that is cross-linked via nondegradable polymer chains of uncontrolled length.

Thermal Rayleigh-Marangoni convection in a three-layer liquid-metal-battery model.

The combined effects of buoyancy-driven Rayleigh-Bénard convection (RC) and surface tension-driven Marangoni convection (MC) are studied in a triple-layer configuration which serves as a simplified model for a liquid metal battery (LMB). The three-layer model consists of a liquid metal alloy cathode, a molten salt separation layer, and a liquid metal anode at the top. Convection is triggered by the temperature gradient between the hot electrolyte and the colder electrodes, which is a consequence of the release of resistive heat during operation.

Chemical convection in the methylene-blue-glucose system: Optimal perturbations and three-dimensional simulations.

A case of convection driven by chemical reactions is studied by linear stability theory and direct numerical simulations. In a plane aqueous layer of glucose, the methylene-blue-enabled catalytic oxidation of glucose produces heavier gluconic acid. As the oxygen is supplied through the top surface, the production of gluconic acid leads to an overturning instability.

Pattern formation and mass transfer under stationary solutal Marangoni instability.

According to the seminal theory by Sternling and Scriven, solutal Marangoni convection during mass transfer of surface-active solutes may occur as either oscillatory or stationary instability. With strong support of Manuel G. Velarde, a combined initiative of experimental works, in particular to mention those of Linde, Wierschem and coworkers, and theory has enabled a classification of dominant wave types of the oscillatory mode and their interactions.

Patterned turbulence in liquid metal flow: computational reconstruction of the Hartmann experiment.

We present results of a numerical analysis of Hartmann's historical experiments on flows of mercury in pipes and ducts under the influence of magnetic fields. The computed critical parameters for the laminar-turbulent transition as well as the friction coefficients are in excellent agreement with Hartmann's data. The simulations provide a first detailed view of the flow structures that are experimentally inaccessible.

Large-scale intermittency of liquid-metal channel flow in a magnetic field.

We predict a novel flow regime in liquid metals under the influence of a magnetic field. It is characterized by long periods of nearly steady, two-dimensional flow interrupted by violent three-dimensional bursts. Our prediction has been obtained from direct numerical simulations in a channel geometry at low magnetic Reynolds number and translates into physical parameters which are amenable to experimental verification under laboratory conditions.

Effect of excimer laser beam delivery and beam shaping on corneal sphericity in photorefractive keratectomy.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of beam delivery and beam shaping on corneal profiles after myopic excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Charité-Campus Virchow Hospital, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Methods: Standard myopic 193 nm excimer laser PRK of -3.

Oscillatory Rayleigh-Marangoni convection in a layer heated from above: numerical simulations with an undeformable free surface.

Joint action of buoyancy and thermocapillary forces can destabilize the motionless state in a liquid layer heated from above due to the coupling of internal and surface waves. The nonlinear evolution of this oscillatory instability is studied using three-dimensional direct numerical simulations with a pseudospectral Fourier-Chebyshev code. Alternating rolls and standing, oscillating squares are observed as final convective patterns.

Low-dimensional chaos in zero-Prandtl-number Bénard-Marangoni convection.

Three-dimensional surface-tension-driven Bénard convection at zero Prandtl number is computed in the smallest possible doubly periodic rectangular domain that is compatible with the hexagonal flow structure at the linear stability threshold of the quiescent state. Upon increasing the Marangoni number beyond this threshold, the initially stationary flow becomes quickly time dependent. We investigate the transition to chaos for the case of a free-slip bottom wall by means of an analysis of the kinetic energy time series.