The effects of fumonisin B at the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) and 5-times above on the renal histology and lipidome of rats.

Fumonisin B (FB) mycotoxin was intraperitoneally (IP) administered at the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL = 0.2 mg/kg BW/day as IP equivalent, "L") and 5-times above ("H") to male rats, in a controlled ("C"), 5-day study (n = 10/group, total n = 30). BW (bodyweight) of H rats decreased after day 4, kidney weight after 5 days.

Plin2 deletion increases cholesteryl ester lipid droplet content and disturbs cholesterol balance in adrenal cortex.

Cholesteryl esters (CEs) are the water-insoluble transport and storage form of cholesterol. Steroidogenic cells primarily store CEs in cytoplasmic lipid droplet (LD) organelles, as contrasted to the majority of mammalian cell types that predominantly store triacylglycerol (TAG) in LDs. The LD-binding Plin2 binds to both CE- and TAG-rich LDs, and although Plin2 is known to regulate degradation of TAG-rich LDs, its role for regulation of CE-rich LDs is unclear.

Genetic regulation of liver lipids in a mouse model of insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis.

To elucidate the contributions of specific lipid species to metabolic traits, we integrated global hepatic lipid data with other omics measures and genetic data from a cohort of about 100 diverse inbred strains of mice fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet for 8 weeks. Association mapping, correlation, structure analyses, and network modeling revealed pathways and genes underlying these interactions. In particular, our studies lead to the identification of Ifi203 and Map2k6 as regulators of hepatic phosphatidylcholine homeostasis and triacylglycerol accumulation, respectively.

Biomarkers of human exposure to acrylamide and relation to polymorphisms in metabolizing genes.

Acrylamide (AA) is formed in heat treated carbohydrate rich foods in the so-called Maillard reaction. AA is readily absorbed in the body and converted to glycidamide (GA) by epoxidation by the CYP2E1 (cytochrome P450 2E) enzyme. Both AA and GA may be detoxified through direct conjunction to glutathione by glutathione-S-transferases and GA by hydrolysis to glyceramide.

Exploration of different methods to assess dietary acrylamide exposure in pregnant women participating in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa).

We assessed dietary exposure to acrylamide in 119 pregnant Norwegian women. The aim of the study was to explore three different methods for estimation of long-term intake of acrylamide and whether it is possible by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to identify pregnant women with high exposure to acrylamide. Acrylamide excreted as mercapturic acid metabolites in 24-h urine was used as an evaluation tool.

Urinary metabolites as biomarkers of acrylamide exposure in mice following dietary crisp bread administration or subcutaneous injection.

Heat-treated carbohydrate-rich foods may contain high levels of acrylamide (AA). Crisp bread is a significant dietary AA source in the Nordic countries. We studied whether urinary metabolites of AA could be candidate biomarkers of AA intake and internal dose in mice following dietary crisp bread administration or sc injection.

Comparison of estimated dietary intake of acrylamide with hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide and glycidamide.

In a study comprising 50 subjects, we investigated the relationship between acrylamide (AA) intake from food using food frequency questionnaires and the concentration of hemoglobin (Hb) adducts of AA and its genotoxic metabolite glycidamide (GA) as a measure of the internal exposure. A method using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography with negative electrospray tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) detection for the determination of the Hb adducts as phenylthiohydantoin derivatives in human blood was developed. The limit of quantification for AA- and GA-Hb adducts were 2 and 6 pmol/g globin, respectively, and the between-assay precision was below 25%.

Urinary acrylamide metabolites as biomarkers for short-term dietary exposure to acrylamide.

It has previously been reported that heat-treated carbohydrate rich foods may contain high levels of acrylamide resulting in consumers being inadvertently exposed to acrylamide. Acrylamide is mainly excreted in the urine as mercapturic acid derivatives of acrylamide and glycidamide. In a clinical study comprising of 53 subjects, the urinary excretion of these metabolites was determined using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography with positive electrospray MS/MS detection.

Trace determination of peptides in water samples using packed capillary liquid chromatography with UV and MS detection and characterization of peptide oxidation products by MS.

A capillary liquid chromatographic column switching method has been developed for fast and sensitive determination of peptides in water samples. Sample volumes of 1 mL were loaded onto a (320 microm I.D.