Feeding Ration Impacts Larval Pimephales Promelas 7-Day Subchronic Growth Endpoint: Case Study with Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid.

The larval fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, 7-day subchronic survival and growth standard toxicity test method is commonly used for research and regulatory testing of effluents and compounds, including emerging contaminants such as Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (PFOS). Existing feeding guidelines for testing are described in multiple methods but are open to interpretation. The current study sought to determine the impact of feeding ration on P.

Acute Toxicity of Eight Aqueous Film-Forming Foams to 14 Aquatic Species.

Researchers have developed numerous per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-free aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) formulations to replace PFAS-containing AFFF used for fire suppression. As part of the Department of Defense's Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), we examined the direct lethal effects of seven PFAS-free AFFF and a PFAS-containing AFFF on 14 aquatic species using a series of lethal concentration (LC50) tests. We assessed the LC10, LC50, and LC90 values using log-logistic and logit analyses.

Sensitivity of the Marine Calanoid Copepod Pseudodiaptomus pelagicus to Copper, Phenanthrene, and Ammonia.

There are limited acute toxicity test methods for native North American marine species that are considered zooplankton for their entire life cycle. Examples of standardized marine zooplankton methods include mussel, bivalve, and echinoderm development tests that use a relatively short-lived planktonic larval stage, chronic life-cycle toxicity tests using epibenthic copepods, and a 24-h Acartia tonsa copepod test method. The objectives of the present study were to: 1) develop and evaluate a novel, 48-h acute toxicity test method using the marine North American copepod Pseudodiaptomus pelagicus that is planktonic for its entire life cycle, and 2) determine the sensitivity of P.

Estrogen protects cardiac myogenic (H9c2) rat cells against lethal heat shock-induced cell injury: modulation of estrogen receptor alpha, glucocorticoid receptors, heat shock protein 70, and iNOS.

In the present study we have established that exposure of rat cardiac myoblasts (H9c2 cells) to 46 degrees C for 1 hour (lethal heat shock) resulted in optimal cell injury as determined by lactate dehydrogenase release. Pretreatment of H9c2 cells for 24 hours with 17beta-estradiol significantly protects myoblasts against subsequent lethal heat shock exposure in a concentration-dependent manner with maximum protection obtained at 1 microM of 17beta-estradiol. With Western blotting, it was observed that 17beta-estradiol-protected cells had significantly higher levels of the estrogen receptor alpha and inducible heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels compared with lethal heat shock-exposed cells.