Young urologists and kidney transplantation training: A survey designed by the French Transplantation Committee of the French Association of Urology (CTAFU) and the French Association of Urologists in training (AFUF).

Objective: In France, kidney transplantations (KT) are mainly performed by urologist. Young urologists and residents are involved in this activity mostly performed in emergency. How do they feel about KT training? Is KT an attractive part of the urologist activity?

Methods: This survey has been designed in the form of a questionnaire by the French Committee of Kidney Transplantation (CTAFU) and the French Association of Urologists in training (AFUF).

Subcostal TAP block: one or two sequential injections? A cadaveric study.

Background And Objectives: The subcostal transversus abdominis plane block (scTAPB) provides analgesia to the anterior abdominal wall but analgesic spread following a single injection remains modest and variable. The oblique scTAPB, which is performed with a continuous injection during needle progression into the TAP along the oblique subcostal line, may extend the block to the whole anterior abdominal wall but needle progression by hydrodissection may be difficult, explaining why this block is not widely used. This study investigated if two sequential scTAPB injections (2scTAPI) may reach more nerves than a single scTAPB (1scTAPI).

Prognostic value of programmed death ligand-1 and programmed death-1 expression in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) expression in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).

Patients And Methods: A retrospective multicentre study was conducted in 283 patients with UTUC treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) between 2000 and 2015 at 10 French hospitals. Immunohistochemistry analyses were performed using 2 mm-core tissue microarrays with NAT105® and 28.

Impact of newly diagnosed prostate cancer at time of evaluation for renal transplantation.

Systematic screening for prostate cancer is widely recommended in candidates for renal transplant at the time of listing. There are concerns that overdiagnosis of low-risk prostate cancer may result in reducing access to transplant without demonstrated oncological benefits. The objective of the study was to assess the outcome of newly diagnosed prostate cancer in candidates for transplant at the time of listing, and its impact on transplant access and transplant outcomes according to treatment options.

An optimized electrotransformation protocol for Lactobacillus jensenii.

Engineered bacteria are promising candidates for in situ detection and treatment of diseases. The female uro-genital tract presents several pathologies, such as sexually transmitted diseases or genital cancer, that could benefit from such technology. While bacteria from the gut microbiome are increasingly engineered, the use of chassis isolated from the female uro-genital resident flora has been limited.

Updated National Study of Functional Graft Renal Cell Carcinomas: Are They a Different Entity?

Objective: To analyze de novo graft carcinoma characteristics from our updated national multicentric retrospective cohort.

Methods: Thirty-two transplant centers have retrospectively completed the database. This database concerns all kidney graft tumors including urothelial, and others type but excludes renal lymphomas over 31 years.

IL-15 Prevents Renal Fibrosis by Inhibiting Collagen Synthesis: A New Pathway in Chronic Kidney Disease?

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), secondary to renal fibrogenesis, is a public health burden. The activation of interstitial myofibroblasts and excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are major events leading to end-stage kidney disease. Recently, interleukin-15 (IL-15) has been implicated in fibrosis protection in several organs, with little evidence in the kidney.

Pre-transplant morphometry by computed tomography scan and post-transplant dialysis risk in overweight or obese kidney transplant recipients.

Purpose: Adipose distribution and sarcopenia could better assess kidney transplantation outcomes than body mass index (BMI) and have been poorly evaluated among obese and overweight recipients. We aimed to evaluate morphometric radiologic markers to predict post-operative dialysis within this population.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study including patients with a BMI > 25 kg/m undergoing kidney transplantation during 5 years.

The male external urethral sphincter is autonomically innervated.

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to describe autonomic urethral sphincter (US) innervation using specific muscular and neuronal antibody markers and 3D reconstruction.

Material And Methods: We performed en-bloc removal of the entire pelvis of three male human fetuses between 18 and 40 weeks. Serial whole mount sections (5 μm intervals) were stained and investigated.

Surgical complications risk in obese and overweight recipients for kidney transplantation: a predictive morphometric model based on sarcopenia and vessel-to-skin distance.

Purpose: Sarcopenia or adipose tissue distribution within obese and overweight renal transplanted have been poorly evaluated. Our objective was to evaluate morphometric markers to predict surgical complications in kidney transplantation.

Methods: We retrospectively included patients with a BMI > 25 kg/m undergoing kidney transplantation from 2012 to 2017.

De novo renal carcinoma arising in non-functional kidney graft: a national retrospective study.

Aim: Characteristics of renal carcinoma arising in non-functional graft in renal transplant recipients (RTR) are unknown. We studied a large national retrospective cohort to analyze circumstances of diagnosis, treatment and outcome compared to the literature.

Methods: Study included all RTR presenting with kidney graft tumors irrespective of the histology, except those with lymphoma and including those tumors arising in non-functional renal graft.

Temporary contraindication of obese recipients in kidney transplantation: A new morphometric tool for decision support.

Background: Morbid obesity, based on body mass index (BMI) and/or clinical examination, can be a temporary contraindication (TCI) of kidney transplantation. However, BMI alone does not evaluate the intra- or extra-peritoneal distribution of fatty tissue, and clinical examination alone is subjective. The objective was to evaluate the interest of morphometric criteria to ensure reproducible and consensual decision of TCI.

Renal outcome after simultaneous heart and kidney transplantation.

Simultaneous heart-kidney transplant (HKTx) is a valid treatment for patients with coexisting heart and renal failure. The aim of this study was to assess renal outcome in HKTx and to identify predictive factors for renal loss. A retrospective study was conducted among 73 HKTx recipients: Donors' and recipients' records were reviewed to evaluate patients' and renal transplants' survival and their prognostic factors.

Thoracic paravertebral block: comparison of different approaches and techniques. A study on 27 human cadavers.

Background And Objectives: The success rate and spread of thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) are variable and difficult to predict. It is now recommended that an ultrasound guidance technique should replace the traditional landmark technique. The objective was to compare anatomical outcomes of both techniques on cadavers.

Epidemiology, biology and treatment of sarcomatoid RCC: current state of the art.

Long recognized to confer an extremely poor prognosis, sarcomatoid dedifferentiation of renal cell carcinoma (sRCC) is a tumor phenotype that is finally beginning to be better understood on the molecular and genetic levels. With an overall incidence that ranges from 1 to 32% depending on associated RCC subtype, the survival of sarcomatoid RCC patients rarely exceeds 2 years. The main reasons for its poor outcome include its aggressive biology, its tendency to present at an advanced or metastatic stage at the time of diagnosis, its high rate of tumor recurrence after nephrectomy, and its limited response to systemic therapies.

BK virus-associated collecting duct carcinoma of the renal allograft in a kidney-pancreas allograft recipient.

BK polyomavirus (BKV) nephropathy is a major concern in renal transplantation. Its main consequence is graft loss, which occurs in more than 50% of the cases. renal cell carcinoma in renal allograft is a very rare event.

Detailed muscular structure and neural control anatomy of the levator ani muscle: a study based on female human fetuses.

Background: Injury to the levator ani muscle or pelvic nerves during pregnancy and vaginal delivery is responsible for pelvic floor dysfunction.

Objective: We sought to demonstrate the presence of smooth muscular cell areas within the levator ani muscle and describe their localization and innervation.

Study Design: Five female human fetuses were studied after approval from the French Biomedicine Agency.

Origin and nature of pelvic ureter innervation.

Aims: Innervation of the pelvic ureter traditionally comes from the pelvic plexus. This innervation is independent: adrenergic and cholinergic. The purpose of this study was to describe more precisely the origin and nature of its innervation (adrenergic, cholinergic, nitrergic, and somatic).

Functional and structural microanatomy of the fetal sciatic nerve.

Introduction: The ultrastructure of a nerve has implications for surgical nerve repair. The aim of our study was to characterize the fascicular versus fibrillar anatomy and the autonomic versus somatic nature of the fetal sciatic nerve (SN).

Methods: Immunohistochemistry for vesicular acetylcholine transporter, tyrosine hydroxylase, and peripheral myelin protein 22 was performed to identify cholinergic, adrenergic, and somatic axons, respectively, in the human fetal SN.