Breast cancer in women with previous gestational diabetes: a nationwide register-based cohort study.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication characterized by insulin resistance. A link has been suggested between insulin resistance and breast cancer, which is the most common cancer in women. Hence, women with previous GDM may be at increased risk of developing breast cancer, yet, the existing evidence is conflicting.

The Impact of Education Level on Weight Loss in a Primary Care-Anchored eHealth Lifestyle Coaching Program in Denmark: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

In a randomized controlled trial including 340 people living with obesity, with and without type 2 diabetes, digital coaching has induced significant long-term weight loss compared to the usual methods of care. We investigated whether education level influenced this weight loss and which lifestyle changes supported the digital lifestyle coaching program. The intervention consisted of a 1 h face-to-face motivational interview followed by digital coaching using behavioral change techniques.

N-Terminal Pro-Brain Type Natriuretic Peptide Predicts Cardiovascular Events Independently of Arterial Stiffness, Assessed By Carotid-to-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity, in Apparently Healthy Subjects.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate whether N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) carried independent prognostic value in predicting cardiovascular events in apparently healthy individuals beyond traditional risk factors.

Methods: A total of 1,872 participants aged 41, 51, 61, or 71 years from the MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease (MONICA) study were included. Traditional risk factors were assessed, including: smoking status; mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure; body mass index; fasting plasma glucose; serum triglycerides; total, high-density, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NT-proBNP; and PWV.

Blood pressure responses to testosterone therapy are amplified by hematocrit levels in opioid-induced androgen deficiency: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Our study aimed to examine the effect of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on blood pressure in opioid-treated men with relative hypogonadism, and whether the effect of TRT on blood pressure was modified by body composition, red blood cell levels, or carotid intima media thickness. Men (over 18 years old) receiving opioid treatment and total testosterone less than 12 nmol were randomly assigned to receive either TRT or placebo. Baseline and 6-month measurements included anthropometric measurements, office blood pressure (OBPM), 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, blood samples, and carotid ultrasound.

Retinal microvascular markers in type 2 diabetes subphenotypes and latent autoimmune diabetes of adults.

Purpose: To estimate if newly diagnosed patients with different subphenotypes of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) or latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA) differ with respect to subclinical retinal microvascular structure or diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: This population-based, cross-sectional study of 340 patients (675 eyes) classified patients with recently diagnosed T2DM in different subphenotypes according to beta cell function and insulin sensitivity in to; classical (n = 218), hyperinsulinaemic (n = 86), insulinopenic (n = 20), or LADA (n = 16). Retinal 6-field images were graded according to the International Clinical DR Severity Scale by a retinal expert.

The influence of age and sex on the prognostic importance of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, selected circulating biomarkers and other markers of subclinical cardiovascular damage.

Purpose Of Review: There is an increasing need for improved risk stratification to better individualize cardiovascular preventive measures. Although age and sex are strong and easily obtained cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), their influence on the prognostic importance of other CVRF, circulating biomarkers and other markers of subclinical cardiovascular damage has not previously been systematically and critically appraised. Therefore, we have revisited the European MORGAM and the Danish MONI10 cohorts.

Long-term Weight Loss in a Primary Care-Anchored eHealth Lifestyle Coaching Program: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Long-term weight loss in people living with obesity can reduce the risk and progression of noncommunicable diseases. Observational studies suggest that digital coaching can lead to long-term weight loss.

Objective: We investigated whether an eHealth lifestyle coaching program for people living with obesity with or without type 2 diabetes led to significant, long-term (12-month) weight loss compared to usual care.

Agreement Between Clinically Measured Weight and Self-reported Weight Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Through an mHealth Lifestyle Coaching Program in Denmark: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Digital health interventions are increasingly used to handle and promote positive health behaviors. Clinical measures are often used, and a certain precision is essential for digital health interventions to have an effect. Only few studies have compared clinically measured weights with self-reported weights.

Risk of cardiovascular events associated with pathophysiological phenotypes of type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes is caused by varying degrees of two defects: low insulin sensitivity and beta-cell dysfunction. We assessed if subgrouping of patients into three pathophysiological phenotypes according to these defects could identify individuals with high or low risk of future cardiovascular events.

Design: This is a prospective cohort study.

Recurrent autoimmune hypophysitis treated with rituximab: a case report.

Background: Autoimmune hypophysitis is a rare condition that often results in enlargement of the pituitary gland and hypopituitarism due to inflammatory infiltration. Management of autoimmune hypophysitis can include long-term hormonal replacement and close control of the inflammatory pituitary mass. Mass-related symptoms in patients with autoimmune hypophysitis are treated with anti-inflammatory therapy, surgery, and/or radiotherapy.

Prevention of heart failure events with intensive versus standard blood pressure lowering across the spectrum of kidney function and albuminuria: a SPRINT substudy.

Aims: To determine whether a strategy of intensive blood pressure control reduces the risk of heart failure (HF) events consistently across the spectrum of kidney function and albuminuria.

Methods And Results: SPRINT was a randomized clinical trial in which 9361 individuals ≥50 years, at high risk for or with cardiovascular disease, a systolic blood pressure of 130-180 mmHg, but without diabetes, were randomized to intensive (target <120 mmHg) vs. standard (target <140 mmHg) blood pressure control.

Circulating biomarkers for long-term cardiovascular risk stratification in apparently healthy individuals from the MONICA 10 cohort.

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine whether high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) carried incremental prognostic value in predicting cardiovascular morbidity and mortality beyond traditional risk factors in apparently healthy individuals.

Methods And Results: This was a prospective population-based cohort study comprising 1951 subjects included in the 10-year follow-up of the MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease (MONICA) study, between 1993 and 1994. The principal endpoint was death from cardiovascular causes.

Intensive blood pressure lowering in different age categories: insights from the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial.

Aims: The 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines for hypertension recommend differential management of patients who are <65, 65-79, and ≥80 years of age. However, it is unclear whether intensive blood pressure lowering is well-tolerated and modifies risk uniformly across the age spectrum.

Methods And Results: SPRINT randomized 9361 high-risk adults without diabetes and age ≥50 years with systolic blood pressure 130-180 mmHg to either intensive or standard antihypertensive treatment.

Protocol for the specialist supervised individualised multifactorial treatment of new clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes in general practice (IDA): a prospective controlled multicentre open-label intervention study.

Introduction: We present the protocol for a multifactorial intervention study designed to test whether individualised treatment, based on pathophysiological phenotyping and individualised treatment goals, improves type 2 diabetes (T2D) outcomes.

Methods And Analysis: We will conduct a prospective controlled multicentre open-label intervention study, drawing on the longitudinal cohort of the Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes (DD2). New clinically diagnosed patients with T2D in the intervention group will be assigned to receive individualised treatment by their general practitioner.

Polymorphisms in the Toll-Like Receptor and the IL-23/IL-17 Pathways Were Associated with Susceptibility to Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Danish Cohort.

Background: The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), result from the combined effects of susceptibility genes and environmental factors. Previous studies have shown that polymorphisms in the Toll-like receptor (TLR), the apoptosis, the IL-23/IL-17 and the interferon gamma (IFNG) pathways are associated with risk of both CD and UC.

Methods: Using a candidate gene approach, 21 functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 15 genes were assessed in a clinical homogeneous group of severely diseased ethnic Danish patients consisting of 624 patients with CD, 411 patients with UC and 795 controls.

Effectiveness of anti-tumour necrosis factor-α therapy in Danish patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcome of anti-tumour necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF) treatment in a large cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in clinical practice and to establish a cohort for future studies of genetic markers associated with treatment response.

Methods: A national, clinically based cohort of previously naïve anti-TNF treated patients from 18 medical departments was established. The patients were screened for tuberculosis prior to treatment initiation.

Polymorphisms in the inflammatory pathway genes TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, LY96, NFKBIA, NFKB1, TNFA, TNFRSF1A, IL6R, IL10, IL23R, PTPN22, and PPARG are associated with susceptibility of inflammatory bowel disease in a Danish cohort.

Background: The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), result from the combined effects of susceptibility genes and environmental factors. Polymorphisms in genes regulating inflammation may explain part of the genetic heritage.

Methods: Using a candidate gene approach, 39 mainly functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 26 genes regulating inflammation were assessed in a clinical homogeneous group of severely diseased patients consisting of 624 patients with CD, 411 patients with UC and 795 controls.