Time to fix the biodiversity leak.

The risk that locally successful nature conservation may be shifting problems elsewhere can no longer be ignored.

Sustainable high-yield farming is essential for bending the curve of biodiversity loss.

Food production does more damage to wild species than any other sector of human activity, yet how best to limit its growing impact is greatly contested. Reviewing progress to date in interventions that encourage less damaging diets or cut food loss and waste, we conclude that both are essential but far from sufficient. In terms of production, field studies from five continents quantifying the population-level impacts of land sharing, land sparing, intermediate and mixed approaches for almost 2000 individually assessed species show that implementing high-yield farming to spare natural habitats consistently outperforms land sharing, particularly for species of highest conservation concern.

LIFE: A metric for mapping the impact of land-cover change on global extinctions.

Human-driven habitat loss is recognized as the greatest cause of the biodiversity crisis, yet to date we lack robust, spatially explicit metrics quantifying the impacts of anthropogenic changes in habitat extent on species' extinctions. Existing metrics either fail to consider species identity or focus solely on recent habitat losses. The persistence score approach developed by Durán .

Pathological ankle fracture due to brown tumour: atypical presentation of low serum vitamin D with normal parathyroid hormone and bone profile.

Osteoclastomas or brown tumours are named as such due to increased vascularity, subsequent haemorrhage and haemosiderin deposition giving the lesion a reddish brown appearance under gross microscopic examination. It is due to an increase in parathyroid hormone activity from several causes, such as parathyroid adenomas, renal impairment and low vitamin D levels. The lesions increase the tendency of the bone to fracture.

A Longitudinal Study of Assisted Infant Toilet Training During the First Year of Life.

Objective: Previous retrospective studies have examined elimination signals, stool toileting refusal, and completion age in Assisted Infant Toilet Training (AITT). The aim of this longitudinal cohort study was to describe the practice of AITT and caregiver satisfaction in a primarily Western setting during the first year of life.

Methods: Families who started AITT before 4 months of age were recruited.

Consequences of interminority ingroup rejection for group identification and well-being.

Objectives: The rejection-identification model (RIM; Branscombe et al. 1999) suggests group identification mitigates the negative effects of perceived discrimination on psychological well-being. The RIM has not been applied to instances of interminority ingroup rejection-discrimination by one's ingroup toward another of their ingroups (e.

Beyond adverse outcome pathways: making toxicity predictions from event networks, SAR models, data and knowledge.

Adverse outcome pathways have shown themselves to be useful ways of understanding and expressing knowledge about sequences of events that lead to adverse outcomes (AOs) such as toxicity. In this paper we use the building blocks of adverse outcome pathways-namely key events (KEs) and key event relationships-to construct networks which can be used to make predictions of the likelihood of AOs. The networks of KEs are augmented by data from and knowledge about assays as well as by structure activity relationship predictions linking chemical classes to the observation of KEs.

Retrospective Evaluation of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers on Postoperative Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rates Following Robotic-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy.

To evaluate the association between the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) preoperatively with changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN). Patients undergoing RAPN at our institution from February 2008 through April 2019 were evaluated. ACEIs/ARBs were held on the morning of the surgery and resumed on postoperative day number one in all patients.

Extreme sensitivity in Snowball Earth formation to mountains on PaleoProterozoic supercontinents.

During the PaleoProterozoic 2.45 to 2.2 billion years ago, several glaciations may have produced Snowball Earths.

Retrospective cohort study of operatively treated ankle fractures involving the posterior malleolus.

Background: Direct fixation of the posterior malleolus through a posterolateral approach is increasing in popularity. However, data is limited, and no studies have stratified results by posterior malleolus size.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients with posterior malleolus (PM) fractures undergoing internal fixation over an 18-month period was conducted.

Epidemiology of developmental dysplasia of the hip within the UK: refining the risk factors.

Purpose: The epidemiology and risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) are still being refined. We investigated the local epidemiology of DDH in order to define incidence, identify risk factors, and refine our policy on selective ultrasound screening.

Methods: With a cohort study design, data were prospectively recorded on all live births in our region from January 1998 to December 2008.

An unanticipated allergic reaction to a hypnotic suggestion for anesthesia: a brief communication and commentary.

During a demonstration of hypnotically induced anesthesia and following a suggestion for a Novocain-like numbness, a totally unanticipated and dramatic swelling of 1 cheek appeared. The participant had forgotten to inform the psychologist that she had experienced the identical reaction to Novocain when she received an injection a few weeks earlier. The swelling was quickly removed by a countersuggestion based upon a simulated injection of the antidote previously administered by the dentist.

Satellite transitions acquired in real time by magic angle spinning (STARTMAS): "ultrafast" high-resolution MAS NMR spectroscopy of spin I=3/2 nuclei.

The satellite transitions acquired in real time by magic angle spinning (STARTMAS) NMR experiment combines a train of pulses with sample rotation at the magic angle to refocus the first- and second-order quadrupolar broadening of spin I=3/2 nuclei in a series of echoes, while allowing the isotropic chemical and quadrupolar shifts to evolve. The result is real-time isotropic NMR spectra at high spinning rates using conventional MAS equipment. In this paper we describe in detail how STARTMAS data can be acquired and processed with ease on commercial equipment.

Cortisol circadian rhythms and stress responses in infants at risk of allergic disease.

Altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function associated with allergic disease has generally been thought to be secondary to the stress of chronic disease. However, recent studies suggest that altered cortisol circadian rhythm and cortisol stress hyper-responsiveness precede the inception of allergic disease and are possible links between preventive factors associated with the hygiene hypothesis and the development of allergies. Elevated endogenous cortisol responses to stressful stimuli could predispose susceptible hosts to atopy and allergic disease by biasing the developing immune system to a T helper 2-predominant immune response, greater total and allergen-specific serum immunoglobulin E responses, and/or inhibition of peripheral immune tolerance.

Use of SPAM and FAM pulses in high-resolution MAS NMR spectroscopy of quadrupolar nuclei.

The merits of SPAM and FAM pulses for enhancing the conversion of triple- to single-quantum coherences in the two-dimensional MQMAS experiment are compared using (87)Rb (spin I=3/2) and (27)Al (I=5/2) NMR of crystalline and amorphous materials. Although SPAM pulses are more easily optimized, our experiments and simulations suggest that FAM pulses yield greater signal intensity in all cases. In conclusion, we argue that, as originally suggested, SPAM and FAM pulses are best implemented in phase-modulated whole-echo MQMAS experiments and that the use of SPAM pulses to record separate echo and antiecho data sets, which are then combined, generally yields lower signal-to-noise ratios.

Resident continuity clinic: a modest proposal.

Resident continuity clinics are an integral and mandated component of the pediatric core curriculum. Hospital-based and community-based settings have been traditionally used, with varied success. This article proposes the use and testing of an additional site, the primary care clinic housed at the Children's Clinic for Rehabilitative Services.

Reassessment of hypnotic symptom removal by Freud and Bernheim.

As demonstrations of clinical efficacy, cases reported by Freud and Bernheim reveal an intrinsic advantage of hypnotic symptom removal over therapies requiring extended periods to achieve significant outcomes. They also lend support to Weitzenhoffer's survey of therapeutic results achieved during the classical (pre-1900) period.

Cortisol circadian rhythms and stress responses in infants at risk of allergic disease.

Background: The cortisol circadian rhythm and response to stressful stimuli are altered in children and adults with allergic disease, including asthma. It is not known whether these alterations precede or follow the onset of allergic disease.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the cortisol circadian rhythm and stress response among infants at risk for the development of allergic disease.

Effectiveness of gun-safety counseling and a gun lock giveaway in a Hispanic community.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of gun-safety counseling, a gun-safety brochure, and a free gun lock in subsequent gun removal and safe storage.

Methods: In a predominantly Hispanic pediatric clinic, gun-owning families were identified and assigned to either an intervention group (gun-safety counseling, gun-safety brochure, and a free gun lock) or a control group (usual anticipatory guidance). Families were resurveyed 1 month later for changes in the proportion of gun owners, changes in frequency of unloaded and locked gun storage, and changes to the use of locked storage.