Management of Facial Nerve Schwannoma: A Multicenter Study of 50 Cases.

 In the management of facial nerve schwannoma (FNS), surgical tumor resection is now often being replaced with more conservative approaches, such as observation with serial imaging or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Given the scarcity of these lesions, determining the optimal management of FNS remains challenging and subject of debate with multiple treatment approaches supported in the literature.  A retrospective chart review was performed in two academic centers for patients diagnosed with FNS between 1996 and 2017.

The pattern of hearing outcome following surgery of the semicircular canals.

Objective: To analyze demographic, clinical, surgical, and audiometric factors that may affect hearing outcome following surgery for the semicircular canals (SCC).

Method: This is a retrospective case review of adults who underwent surgeries for superior SCC (SSCC), lateral SCC (LSCC), or posterior SCC (PSCC) and whose data were extracted and analyzed for factors affecting the hearing outcome in these procedures.

Results: Thirteen patients underwent surgery for SSCC, seven cases for the LSCC, one for the PSCC, and one case of combined PSCC/SSCC surgery.

Otosclerosis: From Genetics to Molecular Biology.

Over the past several years, with the evolution of genetic and molecular research, several etiologic factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of otosclerosis. Overall, current evidence suggests that otosclerosis is a complex disease with a variety of potential pathways contributing to the development of abnormal bone remodeling in the otic capsule. These pathways involved in the pathogenesis of otosclerosis are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.

Characteristics and use of treatment modalities of patients with binge-eating disorder in the Department of Veterans Affairs.

Objective: In 2013 binge-eating disorder (BED) was recognized as a formal diagnosis, but was historically included under the diagnosis code for eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS). This study compared the characteristics and use of treatment modalities in BED patients to those with EDNOS without BED (EDNOS-only) and to matched-patients with no eating disorders (NED).

Methods: Patients were identified for this study from electronic health records in the Department of Veterans Affairs from 2000 to 2011.

Healthcare costs and resource utilization of patients with binge-eating disorder and eating disorder not otherwise specified in the Department of Veterans Affairs.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the one-year healthcare costs and utilization of patients with binge-eating disorder (BED) to patients with eating disorder not otherwise specified without BED (EDNOS-only) and to matched patients without an eating disorder (NED).

Methods: A natural language processing (NLP) algorithm identified adults with BED from clinical notes in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) electronic health record database from 2000 to 2011. Patients with EDNOS-only were identified using ICD-9 code (307.

Aiming for remission in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: The primary care goal.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often undiagnosed and undertreated in adults, resulting in wide-ranging problems and functional deficits in patients' lives. In addition, psychiatric comorbidities unrelated to symptom severity may be present. However, effective treatment that can alleviate symptoms and bring about meaningful improvements in functionality is available.

The patient experience with DSM-5-defined binge eating disorder: characteristics, barriers to treatment, and implications for primary care physicians.

Background: Binge eating disorder (BED) is now a formal diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). However, post-DSM-5 patient profiles and viewpoints on BED diagnosis and treatment remain unclear. This study used a focus group methodology to examine demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as perceptions of diagnosis and treatment from patients with BED symptoms who were either formally diagnosed with BED or undiagnosed.

Relationship of ADHD symptoms and global illness severity in adults treated with lisdexamfetamine dimesylate.

Unlabelled: The relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and global clinical assessment of functionality is complex. This post-hoc analysis explores this relationship and suggests implications for patient assessment in clinical practice. Adults with ADHD on a stable lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) dose for ≥ 6 months were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized withdrawal study.

ADHD in the College Setting: Current Perceptions and Future Vision.

Objective: To assess perceptions concerning ADHD among U.S. college healthcare providers.

The diagnosis less traveled: NPs' role in recognizing adult ADHD.

Purpose: To stimulate critical thought about sociocultural implications of unrecognized and undiagnosed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and how these factors interface with healthcare delivery models and care that nurse practitioners (NPs) provide.

Data Sources: Health science databases--Psych Info, Proquest, Sage, PubMed, and authors' professional experiences.

Conclusions: NPs, often the main healthcare provider for underserved populations in community practice settings, have little training in assessing adult ADHD.

Treatment outcomes with lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in children who have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with emotional control impairments.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) treatment effects based on baseline emotional control dysfunction in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) categorized with or without impairments of executive function (EF) emotional control.

Methods: Post-hoc analyses of a 7 week, open-label LDX study in children with ADHD (American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., Text Revision [DSM-IV-TR] defined) and impairments in EF control of emotional response.

Efficacy and safety of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and recent methylphenidate use.

Introduction: Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) is a long-acting prodrug stimulant for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Post hoc subgroup analyses were performed from two studies in children with ADHD to compare the efficacy of LDX in participants who had received prior methylphenidate (MPH) treatment with that of the overall study populations.

Methods: Study 1 (7-week; open-label design) and study 2 (randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, laboratory school design) enrolled children aged 6-12 years with ADHD and baseline ADHD Rating Scale IV (ADHD-RS-IV) total score ≥28.

Parent-reported executive function behaviors and clinician ratings of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children treated with lisdexamfetamine dimesylate.

Objective: The purpose of this article was to describe the relationships between parent-rated executive function (EF) and clinician-rated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms before and after lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) treatment in children with and without EF deficit.

Methods: In post-hoc analyses of children with ADHD who participated in a 7 week open-label, dose-optimized (LDX 20-70 mg/day) trial, ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV) change scores were compared (using two-sample t tests) between youth with and without clinically significant EF impairment at baseline. Clinically significant impairment was defined as parent-rated Behavior Rating Inventory of EF (BRIEF) Global Executive Composite (GEC) t scores ≥65.

ADHD Symptom Rebound and Emotional Lability With Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in Children Aged 6 to 12 Years.

Objective: To describe symptom rebound in children with ADHD treated with lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) or placebo.

Method: During a 4-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of LDX, parents/caregivers completed the Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised: Short Form symptom rating scale throughout the day. Response, rebound, and emotional lability (EL) were assessed post hoc based on predefined criteria.

Clinical response and symptomatic remission in short- and long-term trials of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Despite the overall high degree of response to pharmacotherapy, consensus is lacking on how to judge clinical response or define optimal treatment/remission when treating adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined clinical response and symptomatic remission in analyses of 2 studies of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) in adults with ADHD.

Methods: In a 4-week, double-blind, forced-dose trial, adults with ADHD were randomized to LDX 30, 50, and 70 mg/day (mg/d) or placebo.

Efficacy of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder previously treated with amphetamines: analyses from a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled titration study.

Background: To examine the efficacy of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who remained symptomatic (ADHD Rating Scale IV [ADHD-RS-IV] total score >18) on amphetamine (AMPH) therapy (mixed AMPH salts and/or d-AMPH formulations) prior to enrollment in a 4-week placebo-controlled LDX trial vs the overall study population. In these post hoc analyses from a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, forced-dose titration study, clinical efficacy of LDX (30-70 mg/d) in adults with ADHD receiving AMPH treatment at screening vs the overall study population was evaluated. ADHD symptoms were assessed using the ADHD-RS-IV with adult prompts at screening, baseline (after prior treatment washout), and endpoint.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes and symptom response in adults treated with lisdexamfetamine dimesylate.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom subtypes who exhibit predominantly inattention, hyperactivity/ impulsivity, or combined symptom clusters.

Design/setting/participants: This is a post-hoc analysis from a multicenter, one-year, open-label lisdexamfetamine dimesylate study in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder previously completing two weeks or more in a four-week, randomized, placebo-controlled lisdexamfetamine dimesylate study, using Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale IV symptom ratings as an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder subtype proxy (N=349).

Measurements: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale IV was measured at baseline of prior study and throughout the open-label study.

The effects of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate on emotional lability in children 6 to 12 years of age with ADHD in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) on emotional lability (EL) in children with ADHD.

Method: Post hoc analyses of a placebo-controlled trial of LDX-stratified children (aged 6-12 years) with ADHD to prominent and not prominent EL at baseline (score >3 or ≤3, respectively, on Conners' Parent Rating Scale [CPRS] items of anger, loss of temper, and irritability). Efficacy was assessed by change in CPRS EL scores and ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV) total and subscale scores.

Lifespan persistence of ADHD: the life transition model and its application.

Background: The understanding that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists throughout life has heightened interest of patients, families, advocates, and professionals in a longitudinal approach to management. Such an approach must recognize and address known patient- and systems-based challenges of long-term mental health treatment, shifting of clinical presentations of ADHD, and commonality of psychiatric comorbidity with ADHD.

Objective: The ADHD Life Transition Model is a step toward developing criteria to optimize recognition and clinical management of ADHD (eg, response, remission) across an individual's lifespan and across diverse medical subspecialties.

Efficacy of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder previously treated with methylphenidate: a post hoc analysis.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral psychiatric disorder that afflicts children, with a reported prevalence of 2.4% to 19.8% worldwide.

Clinical utility of ADHD symptom thresholds to assess normalization of executive function with lisdexamfetamine dimesylate treatment in adults.

Objectives: This analysis assessed the relationship of various cutoff scores of the ADHD Rating Scale IV (ADHD-RS-IV) to levels of improvement in ADHD-related executive function (EF), measured by the Brown ADD Scale for Adults (BADDS), which may provide a measure of clinically meaningful EF improvement after ADHD treatment.

Methods: Post hoc analysis of a 4-week, open-label, dose-optimization phase in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) in adults with ADHD. The BADDS for Adults, a validated, normed, self-report measure of EF in ADHD, provides a qualitative measure to rate treatment progress.

A physician's guide to helping patients with ADHD find success in the workplace.

The impact of untreated adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the workplace can be substantial, and employees with ADHD often confront frustration, employer disappointment, and low performance ratings. As a result, adults with ADHD may seek treatment from primary care providers to improve occupational performance. Previously considered a behavior disorder primarily affecting children and adolescents, ADHD in adulthood presents primarily as a cognitive disorder.

Managing ADHD across the lifespan in the primary care setting.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurobehavioral condition that affects most patients throughout their lives and is associated with occupational underachievement, psychiatric comorbidity, and substance abuse. Primary care physicians (PCPs) are at the forefront of helping patients with ADHD manage symptoms and overcome functional impairments. In this article, the problems of recognizing and effectively managing ADHD are explored through the presentation of 2 composite patient cases based on real patients in the authors' practices.

ADHD in adults: current treatment trends with consideration of abuse potential of medications.

Objective: To review the literature describing impairments in educational, occupational, and social functioning in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), current treatment trends, and factors that may influence the abuse potential of long-acting medications used to treat ADHD in adults.

Methods: A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify articles relating to functional impairments and treatment options for adults with ADHD, as well as the abuse potential of ADHD medications.

Results: ADHD is one of the most common psychiatric behavioral disorders in children, and its symptoms have been shown to persist into adulthood.