Peritoneal Dialysis for AKI in Cameroon: Commercial vs Locally-Made Solutions.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in low- and middle-income countries, and is associated with a high mortality. The high mortality rate is in large part due to the inability to perform dialysis in resource-limited settings. Due to significant cost advantages, peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been used to treat AKI in these settings.

A mathematical model of rat ascending Henle limb. II. Epithelial function.

A mathematical model of ascending Henle limb (AHL) epithelium has been fashioned using kinetic representations of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC2), KCC4, and type 3 Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE3), with transporter densities selected to yield the reabsorptive Na+ flux expected for rat tubules in vivo. Of necessity, this model predicts fluxes that are higher than those measured in vitro. The kinetics of the NKCC and KCC are such that Na+ reabsorption by the model tubule is responsive to variation in luminal NaCl concentration over the range of 30 to 130 mM, with only minor changes in cell volume.

Hyponatremia: case vignettes.

The diagnosis and management of hyponatremia can be intimidating, for both trainees and clinicians alike. We present five clinical scenarios of patients with hyponatremia. These discussions reinforce concepts reviewed elsewhere in this issue of Seminars in Nephrology and/or emphasize specific causes and management issues.