Incidence of Alpha-Gal IgE Sensitization in 3000 Military Personnel, Assessing Sex, Race, Installation, and Occupational Impacts.

: IgE to galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) is associated with (lone star tick) bites, accounting for the regional distribution of the alpha-gal syndrome (AGS). Longitudinal studies describing risk factors for incident alpha-gal sensitization are lacking. The objective of this project was to assess the incidence of alpha-gal IgE seroconversion and identify associated demographic, occupational, and geographical risk factors among US military personnel.

Mammalian Meat Allergy and IgE to Alpha-Gal in Central Virginia: Findings From a COVID-19 Vaccine and Patient Cohort.

Background: IgE to galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) is linked to tick bites and an important cause of anaphylaxis and urticarial reactions to mammalian meat. The alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) is recognized as being common in the southeastern United States. However, prevalence studies are lacking and open questions remain about risk factors and clinical presentation of alpha-gal sensitization.

Tick bites, IgE to galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose and urticarial or anaphylactic reactions to mammalian meat: The alpha-gal syndrome.

The recent recognition of a syndrome of tick-acquired mammalian meat allergy has transformed the previously held view that mammalian meat is an uncommon allergen. The syndrome, mediated by IgE antibodies against the oligosaccharide galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal), can also involve reactions to visceral organs, dairy, gelatin and other products, including medications sourced from non-primate mammals. Thus, fittingly, this allergic disorder is now called the alpha-gal syndrome (AGS).

IgE to common food allergens is associated with cardiovascular mortality in the National Health and Examination Survey and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Background: In individuals without symptomatic food allergy, food-specific IgE is considered clinically irrelevant. However, recent studies have suggested that galactose-α-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) IgE is associated with cardiovascular (CV) disease.

Objective: We sought to determine whether sensitization to common food allergens is associated with CV mortality.

Alpha-Gal IgE Prevalence Patterns in the United States: An Investigation of 3,000 Military Recruits.

Background: IgE to the oligosaccharide galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) is an important cause of allergic reactions to mammalian meat. The "alpha-gal syndrome" is strongly associated with a preceding history of tick bites and in the United States is most commonly reported in parts of the southeast, but there has been limited investigation into national alpha-gal sensitization patterns and the relevance of other risk factors.

Objective: To systematically investigate alpha-gal IgE prevalence, regional patterns, and risk factors.

Immunoglobulin G4 in eosinophilic esophagitis: Immune complex formation and correlation with disease activity.

Background: Recent studies have shown deposition of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) and food proteins in the esophageal mucosa of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) patients. Our aims were to assess whether co-localization of IgG4 and major cow's milk proteins (CMPs) was associated with EoE disease activity and to investigate the proteins enriched in proximity to IgG4 deposits.

Methods: This study included adult subjects with EoE (n = 13) and non-EoE controls (n = 5).

Enhanced SARS-CoV-2 IgG durability following COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccination and comparison of BNT162b2 with mRNA-1273.

Background: BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech, Comirnaty) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna, Spikevax) are messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines that elicit antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike receptor-binding domain (S-RBD) and have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Because vaccine efficacy and antibody levels waned over time after the 2-shot primary series, the US Food and Drug Administration authorized a booster (third) dose for both mRNA vaccines to adults in the fall of 2021.

Objective: To evaluate the magnitude and durability of S-RBD immunoglobulin (Ig)G after the booster mRNA vaccine dose in comparison to the primary series.

Food antigen consumption and disease activity affect food-specific IgG4 levels in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE).

Introduction: High levels of serum food-specific IgG4 (sIgG4) have been reported in patients with EoE. The objective of this study was to examine whether serum sIgG4 levels to foods and aeroallergens are higher in EoE patients than allergic controls and to investigate the association between sIgG4 and EoE clinical characteristics.

Methods: This was a case-control study nested in a prospective EoE Cohort.

Cluster analysis of nasal cytokines during rhinovirus infection identifies different immunophenotypes in both children and adults with allergic asthma.

Background: Infection with rhinovirus (RV) is a major risk factor for disease exacerbations in patients with allergic asthma. This study analysed a broad set of cytokines in the noses of children and adults with asthma during RV infection in order to identify immunophenotypes that may link to virus-induced episodes.

Methods: Nasal wash specimens were analysed in children (n = 279 [healthy, n = 125; stable asthma, n = 64; wheeze, n = 90], ages 2-12) who presented to a hospital emergency department, and in adults (n = 44 [healthy, n = 13; asthma, n = 31], ages 18-38) who were experimentally infected with RV, including a subset who received anti-IgE.

Lessons in Innate and Allergic Immunity From Dust Mite Feces and Tick Bites.

Allergic diseases represent a major cause of morbidity in modern industrialized and developing countries. The origins and development of allergic immune responses have proven difficult to unravel and remain an important scientific objective. House dust mites (HDM) and ticks represent two important causes of allergic disease.

Trajectory of IgG to SARS-CoV-2 After Vaccination With BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 in an Employee Cohort and Comparison With Natural Infection.

Three COVID-19 vaccines have received FDA-authorization and are in use in the United States, but there is limited head-to-head data on the durability of the immune response elicited by these vaccines. Using a quantitative assay we studied binding IgG antibodies elicited by BNT162b2, mRNA-1273 or Ad26.COV2.

Chemokine Receptor Activation Enhances Memory B Cell Class Switching Linked to IgE Sensitization to Alpha Gal and Cardiovascular Disease.

Recent studies have suggested that IgE sensitization to α-gal is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the B cell subtype(s) responsible for production of IgE to α-gal and mechanisms mediating this production remain elusive. Single cell multi-omics sequencing, was utilized to phenotype B cells obtained from 60 subjects that had undergone coronary angiography in whom serum IgE was evaluated by ImmunoCAP.

Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response by Age Among Recipients of the BNT162b2 vs the mRNA-1273 Vaccine.

This cohort study compares antibody responses in a cohort in which both BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines were administered.

An Overview of the Relevance of IgG4 Antibodies in Allergic Disease with a Focus on Food Allergens.

Antibodies of the IgG4 isotype are strongly associated with allergic disease but have several properties such as not precipitating with allergens, not activating complement and poor binding to Fcγ receptors that argue against a pro-inflammatory role. In keeping with that, IgG4 antibodies are a striking feature of the response to immunotherapy. In two naturally occurring situations IgG4 antibodies are common with low or absent IgE antibodies.

Contributions of asthma, rhinitis and IgE to exhaled nitric oxide in adolescents.

Exhaled nitric oxide fraction ( ) is an indicator of allergic airway inflammation. However, it is unknown how asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic sensitisation relate to , particularly among adolescents and in overlapping conditions. We sought to determine the associations between asthma, AR, and aeroallergen immunoglobulin (Ig)E and in adolescents.

Impact of early life geohelminths on wheeze, asthma and atopy in Ecuadorian children at 8 years.

Background: Early-life exposures to geohelminths may protect against development of wheeze/asthma and atopy.

Objective: To study the effect of maternal geohelminths and infections in children during the first 5 years on atopy, wheeze/asthma and airways reactivity/inflammation at 8 years.

Methods: Birth cohort of 2404 neonates followed to 8 years in rural Ecuador.

Quantitative Measurement of IgG to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Proteins Using ImmunoCAP.

Background: Detailed understanding of the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (CO-VID-19) has been hampered by a lack of quantitative antibody assays.

Objective: The objective was to develop a quantitative assay for IgG to SARS-CoV-2 proteins that could be implemented in clinical and research laboratories.

Methods: The biotin-streptavidin technique was used to conjugate SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) or nucleocapsid protein to the solid phase of the ImmunoCAP.

The Diagnosis and Management of Allergic Reactions Caused by Chinese Materia Medica.

Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have been used in China for thousands of years. Although TCM has been generally perceived to be safe, adverse reactions to Chinese materia medica (CMM) have been reported. Most of the adverse reactions are allergic in nature, but other mechanisms may play a role.

α-Gal specific-IgE prevalence and levels in Ecuador and Kenya: Relation to diet, parasites, and IgG.

Background: IgE to α-Gal is a cause of mammalian meat allergy and has been linked to tick bites in North America, Australia, and Eurasia. Reports from the developing world indicate that α-Gal sensitization is prevalent but has been little investigated.

Objective: We sought evidence for the cause(s) of α-Gal sensitization and lack of reported meat allergy among children in less developed settings in Ecuador and Kenya.

The use of microarray and other multiplex technologies in the diagnosis of allergy.

Objective: To give an overview and describe the strengths and weaknesses of immunoglobulin E (IgE) microarray and other multiplex assays that have been developed and are being used for allergy diagnostics.

Data Sources: Queries for IgE microarray and multiplex assays were conducted with PubMed and Google Scholar, searching for primary articles and review papers.

Study Selections: We focused on articles written in English on commercially available IgE multiplex assays that were reported in the allergy and immunology literature.

Quantitative measurement of IgG to SARS-CoV-2 proteins using ImmunoCAP.

Background: Detailed understanding of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been hampered by a lack of quantitative antibody assays.

Objective: To develop a quantitative assay for IgG to SARS-CoV-2 proteins that could readily be implemented in clinical and research laboratories.

Methods: The biotin-streptavidin technique was used to conjugate SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding-domain (RBD) or nucleocapsid protein to the solid-phase of the ImmunoCAP resin.