Minimum National Prevalence of Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation Inferred From California Acute Care Facilities.

Background: Prevalence estimates of atrial fibrillation (AF) from large populations have not been updated for >2 decades. Using data from 1996 to 1997, a previous study projected that there would be 3.3 million adults with AF in the United States in 2020.

Contemporary trends in incident ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, and mortality in individuals with atrial fibrillation.

Background: The prognosis for atrial fibrillation (AF) patients is based on data that is decades old. Given evolving standards of clinical practice, we sought to evaluate temporal trends in clinically important outcomes among patients with AF.

Methods: California's Department of Health Care Access and Information databases were used to identify adults aged ≥ 18 years with AF receiving hospital-based care in California.

Systemic infarcts among patients with atrial fibrillation.

Background: The epidemiology of atrial fibrillation (AF)-associated thromboembolic complications outside of ischemic strokes has not been thoroughly elucidated.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of AF-associated systemic infarcts and relevant interactions by sex and race/ethnicity.

Methods: Using the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development, we performed a longitudinal analysis of patients aged ≥18 years who received ambulatory surgery, emergency, or inpatient medical care in California between 2005 and 2015.

The Value of Programmed Ventricular Extrastimuli From the Right Ventricular Basal Septum During Supraventricular Tachycardia.

Background: The difference between the right ventricular (RV) apical stimulus-atrial electrogram (SA) interval during resetting of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) versus the ventriculoatrial (VA) interval during SVT (ΔSA-VA) is an established technique for discerning SVT mechanisms but is limited by a significant diagnostic overlap.

Objectives: This study hypothesized that the difference between the RV SA interval during resetting of SVTs versus the VA interval during SVTs (ΔSA-VA) would yield a more robust differentiation of atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) from atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT) when using the RV basal septal stimulation (ΔSA-VA) as compared to the RV apical stimulation (ΔSA-VA). Moreover, it was predicted that the ΔSA-VA might distinguish septal from free wall accessory pathways (APs) effectively.

SARS-CoV-2 infection and cardiac arrhythmias.

Although cardiac arrhythmias have been observed and described during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection, rigorous studies designed to untangle the complex relationship between this proinflammatory illness and arrhythmogenesis are limited. Despite a pervasive opinion to the contrary, there is presently no definitive data to establish a causal, viral-specific association between COVID-19 and incident arrhythmia.

Cannabis, cocaine, methamphetamine, and opiates increase the risk of incident atrial fibrillation.

Aims: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is now regarded as a preventable disease, requiring a search for modifiable risk factors. With legalization of cannabis and more lenient laws regarding the use of other illicit substances, investigation into the potential effects of methamphetamine, cocaine, opiate, and cannabis exposure on incident AF is needed.

Methods And Results: Using Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development databases, a longitudinal analysis was performed of adult Californians ≥18 years of age who received care in an emergency department, outpatient surgery facility, or hospital from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2015.

Combined pulsed field ablation with ultra-low temperature cryoablation: A preclinical experience.

Background: Combining pulsed field ablation (PFA) with ultra-low temperature cryoablation (ULTC) represents a novel energy source which may create more transmural cardiac lesions. We sought to assess the feasibility of lesions created by combined cryoablation and pulsed field ablation (PFCA) versus PFA alone.

Methods: Ablations were performed using a custom PFA generator, ULTC console, and an ablation catheter with insertable stylets.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but studies on HIV as a risk factor for cardiac arrest in the general population are lacking. We aimed to examine the association of HIV infection with out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs). We used the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development data to evaluate HIV infection as a predictor of OHCA in all California emergency department encounters from 2005 to 2015, adjusting for age, gender, race, income, obesity, smoking, alcohol, substance abuse, hypertension (HTN), diabetes, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure (CHF), atrial fibrillation, and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Premature ventricular complexes and development of heart failure in a community-based population.

Objective: A higher premature ventricular complex (PVC) frequency is associated with incident congestive heart failure (CHF) and death. While certain PVC characteristics may contribute to that risk, the current literature stems from patients in medical settings and is therefore prone to referral bias. This study aims to identify PVC characteristics associated with incident CHF in a community-based setting.

Adaptive Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Effect on Electrical Dyssynchrony (aCRT-ELSYNC): A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Adaptive cardiac resynchronization therapy (aCRT) is known to have clinical benefits over conventional CRT, but the mechanisms are unclear.

Objective: Compare effects of aCRT and conventional CRT on electrical dyssynchrony.

Methods: A prospective, double-blind, 1:1 parallel-group assignment randomized controlled trial in patients receiving CRT for routine clinical indications.

Arrhythmias Utilizing Concealed Nodoventricular or His-Ventricular Pathways: A Structured Approach to Diagnosis and Management.

Objectives: This study sought to describe the electrophysiologic characteristics, diagnostic maneuvers, and treatment of a series of arrhythmias using concealed nodoventricular (cNV) or His-ventricular (cHV) pathways.

Background: Confirming the presence and participation of cNV or cHV pathways in tachyarrhythmias is challenging.

Methods: We present 4 cases of tachycardias with a participatory cNV or cHV pathway.

Incident Strokes Among American Indian Individuals With Atrial Fibrillation.

BACKGROUND American Indian individuals experience a relatively high risk for cardiovascular disease and have exhibited a higher risk of stroke compared with other racial and ethnic minorities. Although this population has the highest incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) compared with other groups, the relationship between AF and nonhemorrhagic stroke among American Indian individuals compared with other groups has not been thoroughly studied. METHODS and RESULTS We used the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project to evaluate risk of nonhemorrhagic stroke among American Indian individuals, with comparisons to White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian individuals, among all adult California residents receiving care in an emergency department, inpatient hospital unit, or ambulatory surgery setting from 2005 to 2011.