Comparison between the retrograde axonal transport of nerve growth factor and tetanus toxin in motor, sensory and adrenergic neurons.

In previous studies it has been shown that nerve growth factor (NGF) is taken up with high selectivity by adrenergic and sensory nerve terminals and is transported retrogradely to the corresponding cell bodies by a colchicine sensitive mechanism 10,11,23. The present study was designed to investigate whether this retrograde transport of NGF depends on properties of the nerve terminals which are common to all the neurons or restricted to those which respond to NGF either during the whole life cycle (adrenergic neurons) or during a restricted period of embryonic development (sensory neurons). In order to investigate the retrograde transport of NGF in motor neurons we injected [125I]NGF into the musculus deltoideus and measured the side differences of accumulation of radioactivity in the spinal cord (C6-C8) from 4-48 h.

Effect of hypophysectomy on cAMP changes in rat adrenal medulla evoked by catecholamines and carbamylcholine.

It was the aim of this study to investigate the mechanisms responsible for changes in 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the rat adrenal medulla occuring after administration of carbamylcholine, histamine, ACTH and various phenylethylamines. Carbamylcholine, ACTH, histamine, noradrenaline and dopamine produced marked (500-900%) increases in adrenal cAMP which were very similar in both adrenal cortex and medulla both with respect to time-course and relative extent. Interestingly isoprenaline and adrenaline did not influence cAMP levels even at excessively high doses.

Early effects of nerve growth factor on adrenergic neurons: an electron microscopic morphometric study of the rat superior cervical ganglion.

Nerve cells of the superior cervical ganglion of young rats (20 g body weight) were investigated electron microscopically 6 h, 24 h, 48 h and 5 days after subcutaneous injection of nerve growth factor (10 mug/g body weight every 24 h). By means of a planimetric method with high accuracy significant changes of the Nissl substance and the Golgi apparatus could be demonstrated as early as 6 h after injection. Within the Nissl bodies both the density of bound ribosomes on the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the density of free ribosomes and polysomes decreased in a given field.

Specificity of retrograde transport of nerve growth factor (NGF) in sensory neurons: a biochemical and morphological study.

In previous studies it has been shown that nerve growth factor (NGF) is taken up with a high selectivity by adrenergic nerve terminals and is transported retrogradely to the perikaryon11,22. It was the aim of the present experiments to investigate whether the sensory neurons exhibit the same high degree of selectivity for retrograde transport throughout the whole life cycle, although it is known that their dramatic response to NGF is confined to a short period of ontogenetic development. Unilateral injection of [125I]NGF into the forepaw of adult rats was followed by a preferential accumulation of radioactivity in the sensory ganglia (C6-C7) of the injected side.

Circadian rhythm of tyrosine hydroxylase induction by short-term cold stress: modulatory action of glucocorticoids in newborn and adult rats.

The trans-synaptic induction of tyrosine hydroxylase [tyrosine 3-monooxygenase; EC 1.14.16.

Biological importance of retrograde axonal transport of nerve growth factor in adrenergic neurons.

Previous studies have shown that nerve growth factor (NGF) produces a selective induction of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in peripheral adrenergic neurons and that NGF is transported retrogradely with a high selectivity from the adrenergic nerve terminals to the perikaryon. In order to investigate the biological importance of retrograde NGF transport, the following experiments have been performed; (a) effect of NGF on TH activity in superior cervical ganglia (SCG) after unilateral injection into the anterior eye chamber and the submaxillary gland; and (b) effect of systemic injection of NGF on TH activity in SCG after blockage of retrograde axonal transport by axotomy. After unilateral injection of NGF into the anterior eye chamber and submaxillary gland of both 8-10-day-old rats and adult mice, the increase in TH activity in the SCG was considerably larger on the injected than on the non-injected side although the adrenergic neurons supplying the two organs do not account for more than 25% of the total number of adrenergic neurons in the SCG.

Nerve growth factor induces volume increase and enhances tyrosine hydroxylase synthesis in chemically axotomized sympathetic ganglia of newborn rats.

Concomitant daily treatment of newborn rats for a 2-week to 1-month period with 10 mug/g of body weight of nerve growth factor and 100 mug/g of body weight of 6-hydroxydopamine produces in the cell bodies of adrenergic neurons the characteristic effects of the growth factor but in the nerve terminals the characteristic effects of 6-hydroxydopamine. The dual opposite effects result in a striking volume increase of sympathetic ganglia which far exceeds that produced by nerve growth factor alone. The selective induction of tyrosine hydroxylase [L-tyrosine, tetrahydropteridine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating), EC 1.

Location of an isoproterenol-responsive cyclic AMP pool in adrenergic nerve cell bodies and its relationship to tyrosine 3-monooxygenase induction.

To decide whether adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) plays a role as a second messenger in the trans-synaptic induction of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.16.

The retrograde axonal transport of nerve growth factor.

A retrograde axonal transport of nerve growth factor (NGF) from the adrenergic nerve terminals in the mouse iris to the cell bodies of postganglionic sympathetic neurones in the superior cervical ganglion has been demonstrated. After injection of iodinated nerve growth factor (125I-NGF) into the anterior eye-chamber there was a relatively rapid accumulation of radioactivity in the superior cervical ganglia on both injected and non-injected sides, as was the case after subcutaneous injection. However, 4 h after intraocular injection a preferential accumulation of radioactivity became apparent in the superior cervical ganglion on the injected side, and this difference between the ganglia on injected and non-injected sides gradually increased to a maximum at 16 h.