Preparation and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-glycerol composite films incorporating nanosilica from municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash.

This study investigates the fabrication of a composite film composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glycerol, incorporating nanosilica derived from municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash (BA). The nanosilica is blended with a PVA film-forming solution containing glycerol as a plasticizer. The composite films are characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Microplastic pollution in lakeshore sediments: the first report on abundance and composition of Phewa Lake, Nepal.

Microplastic pollution in a freshwater environment has captured the attention of the scientific world in recent years. Microplastic is a new area of research in the freshwater of Nepal. Hence, the present study aims to examine the concentration, distribution, and characteristics of microplastic pollution in the sediments of Phewa Lake.

Microplastic pollution in urban Lake Phewa, Nepal: the first report on abundance and composition in surface water of lake in different seasons.

Microplastics are man-made pollutants which have been detected in surface water and groundwater. Research on microplastic concentration in aquatic environment is attracting scientists from developing countries, but in Nepal no information regarding microplastic in freshwater system is available. Therefore, this study investigates the presence and abundance of microplastic in lake surface water of Phewa Lake, the second largest lake in Nepal.

6-(4-Amino-phen-yl)-2-meth-oxy-4-phenyl-nicotino-nitrile.

In the structure of the title nicotino-nitrile derivative, C19H15N3O, the pyridine ring makes dihedral angles of 11.50 (7) and 43.36 (8)° with the 4-amino-phenyl and phenyl rings, respectively, and the dihedral angle between the phenyl rings is 36.

3-(4-Amino-phen-yl)-5-(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-4,5-di-hydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbo-thio-amide.

In the mol-ecule of title pyrazoline derivative, C17H18N4OS, the pyrazole ring adopts an envelope conformation with the flap atom, which bears the meth-oxy-phenyl substituent, displaced by 0.0750 (12) Å from the plane through the other ring atoms. The two substituted benzene rings make a dihedral angle of 70.

6-Meth-oxy-4-(2,4,5-tri-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-2,2'-bi-pyridine-5-carbo-nitrile.

In the title 3-cyano-pyridine derivative, C21H19N3O4, the 3-cyano-substituted pyridine ring forms dihedral angles of 2.35 (5) and 41.60 (5)° with the unsubstituted pyridine and 2,4,5-trimeth-oxy-substituted benzene rings, respectively.

(2E)-1-(Pyridin-2-yl)-3-(2,4,5-tri-meth-oxy-phen-yl)prop-2-en-1-one.

The title heteroaryl chalcone derivative, C17H17NO4, is close to planar: the dihedral angle between the pyridine and benzene rings is 3.71 (11)° and the meth-oxy C atoms deviate from their attached ring by 0.046 (3), -0.

3-(4-Chloro-phen-yl)-5-(4-eth-oxy-phen-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothio-amide ethanol monosolvate.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C18H18ClN3OS·C2H5OH, comprises a pyrazoline derivative and an ethanol solvent mol-ecule. In the mol-ecule of the pyrazoline derivative, the pyrazole ring adopts an envelope conformation with the C atom bearing the eth-oxy-phenyl substituent as the flap. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 74.

6-(4-Amino-phen-yl)-4-(4-eth-oxy-phen-yl)-2-meth-oxy-nicotinonitrile.

In the title mol-ecule, C(21)H(19)N(3)O(2), the central pyridine ring makes dihedral angles of 14.46 (9) and 34.67 (8)° with the 4-amino- and 4-eth-oxy-substituted benzene rings, respectively.

5-Amino-3-eth-oxy-1,8,8-trimethyl-2-aza-bicyclo-[2.2.2]octa-2,5-diene-4,6-dicarbo-nitrile.

The title 2-aza-bicyclo-[2.2.2]octa-2,5-diene derivative, C(14)H(18)N(4)O, crystallized out with two independent mol-ecules with similar conformations in the asymmetric unit.

5-(4-Eth-oxy-phen-yl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothio-amide.

In the title compound, C(17)H(18)N(4)OS, a pyrazoline derivative, the pyrazoline ring adopts an envelope conformation with the C atom bonded to the benzene ring as the flap atom. The dihedral angle between the pyridine and benzene rings is 80.50 (6)°.

(E)-1-(Furan-2-yl)-3-(2,4,5-trimeth-oxy-phen-yl)prop-2-en-1-one.

In the title chalcone derivative, C(16)H(16)O(5), the dihedral angle between the furan and benzene rings is 2.06 (17)°. The two meth-oxy groups at the ortho and para positions are essentially coplanar with the benzene ring [C-O-C-C angles = -1.

3-(4-Chloro-phen-yl)-5-(thio-phen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothio-amide.

In the title pyrazoline derivative, C(14)H(12)ClN(3)S(2), the thiophene ring is disordered over two orientations with a refined site-occupancy ratio of 0.832 (4):0.168 (4).

(E)-1-(Thio-phen-2-yl)-3-(2,4,6-tri-meth-oxy-phen-yl)prop-2-en-1-one.

There are two crystallograpically independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title heteroaryl chalcone derivative, C(16)H(16)O(4)S, with slightly different conformations. The thienyl ring of one mol-ecule is disordered over two positions, with a refined site-occupancy ratio of 0.713 (5):0.

5-(4-Meth-oxy-phen-yl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothio-amide.

In the title compound, C(16)H(16)N(4)OS, the dihedral angle between the pyridine and benzene rings is 81.08 (6)°. The pyrazole ring makes dihedral angles of 12.

1,5-Bis(thio-phen-2-yl)-3-(2,4,5-trimeth-oxy-phen-yl)pentane-1,5-dione.

In the title 1,5-diketone compound, C(22)H(22)O(5)S(2), the benzene ring makes dihedral angles of 41.51 (6) and 25.83 (6)° with the two thio-phene rings, while the dihedral angle between the thio-phene rings is 26.

(2E)-1-(Pyridin-2-yl)-3-(2,4,6-trimeth-oxy-phen-yl)prop-2-en-1-one.

The title heteroaryl chalcone derivative, C(17)H(17)NO(4), is a condensation product of 2-acetyl-pyridine and 2,4,6-trimeth-oxy-benzaldehyde. The mol-ecule is roughly planar, the dihedral angle between the pyridine and benzene rings being 5.51 (10)°.

(E)-1-(Pyridin-2-yl)-3-(3,4,5-trimeth-oxy-phen-yl)prop-2-en-1-one.

In the title heteroaryl chalcone derivative, C(17)H(17)NO(4), the dihedral angle between the pyridine and benzene rings is 10.82 (5)°. The two meth-oxy groups at the meta positions are essentially coplanar with the attached benzene rings [C-O-C-C torsion angles = -0.

(E)-1-(2-Hy-droxy-phen-yl)-3-(2,4,5-trimeth-oxy-phen-yl)prop-2-en-1-one.

In the title chalcone derivative, C(18)H(18)O(5), the dihedral angle between the hy-droxy-substituted benzene ring and the trimeth-oxy-substituted benzene ring is 16.3 (1)°. The three meth-oxy groups are essentially coplanar with the benzene ring to which they are attached, with an r.

3-(4-Bromo-phen-yl)-5-[4-(dimethyl-amino)-phen-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothio-amide.

The mol-ecule of the title pyrazole derivative, C(18)H(19)BrN(4)S, is twisted. The central pyrazole ring, which adopts a flattened envelope conformation, is almost coplanar with the 4-bromo-phenyl ring, whereas it is inclined to the 4-(dimethyl-amino)-phenyl ring making dihedral angles of 1.68 (6) and 85.

(E)-1-(2-Fur-yl)-3-(3,4,5-trimeth-oxy-phen-yl)prop-2-en-1-one.

The title mol-ecule, C(16)H(16)O(5), is twisted; the dihedral angle between the furan and 3,4,5-trimeth-oxy-phenyl rings is 12.14 (13)°. The two meth-oxy groups at the meta positions of the benzene ring are close to being coplanar with the ring [C-O-C-C = -0.

(E)-1-(2-Fur-yl)-3-(2,4,6-trimeth-oxy-phen-yl)prop-2-en-1-one.

In the title heteroaryl chalcone derivative, C(16)H(16)O(5), the dihedral angle between the furan and benzene rings is 14.45 (6)°. The three meth-oxy groups are almost coplanar with their attached benzene ring [C-C-O-C torsion angles = 2.

(E)-3-(Anthracen-9-yl)-1-(furan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one.

In the mol-ecule of the title heteroaryl chalcone derivative, C(21)H(14)O(2), the almost planar prop-2-en-1-one unit [r.m.s.

6-(4-Bromo-phen-yl)-2-eth-oxy-4-(2,4,5-trimethoxy-phen-yl)nicotinonitrile.

There are two mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(23)H(21)BrN(2)O(4), which differ in the conformation of their ethoxy residues, i.e. almost co-planar with the pyridine ring in one mol-ecule [C-O-C-C = -174.

A second ortho-rhom-bic polymorph of (Z)-3-(9-anthr-yl)-1-(2-thien-yl)prop-2-en-1-one.

The title heteroaryl chalcone, C(21)H(14)OS, is a second ortho-rhom-bic polymorph which crystallizes in the space group P2(1)2(1)2(1). The structure was previously reported [Fun et al. (2009 ▶).