Sperm proteomic landscape is altered in breeding bulls with greater sperm DNA fragmentation index.

Although, it is well understood that sperm DNA damage is associated with infertility, the molecular details of how damaged sperm DNA affects fertility are not fully elucidated. Since sperm proteins play an important role in fertilization and post-fertilization events, the present study aimed to identify the sperm proteomic alterations in bulls with high sperm DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI%). Semen from Holstein-Friesian crossbred breeding bulls (n = 50) was subjected to Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay.

Heterologous Seminal Plasma Reduces the Intracellular Calcium and Sperm Viability of Cryopreserved Stallion Spermatozoa.

Despite the vital role of seminal plasma (SP) in maintaining sperm function and aiding gamete interaction in many species, SP is usually removed before cryopreservation of stallion sperm to improve cryosurvival of sperm. The present study assessed if the vital sperm functional parameters of genetically superior stallions producing poor quality semen can be enhanced by the supplementation of heterologous SP from the stallion producing high quality semen. Spermatozoa from poor quality semen producing stallions were divided into three aliquots: two aliquots were supplemented with SP obtained from good quality semen producing stallions at the rate of 20% and 30%, respectively, whereas the third aliquot remained as control (0% SP) and incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes.

Primary structure determination and physicochemical characterization of DSP-3, a phosphatidylcholine binding glycoprotein of donkey seminal plasma.

Major proteins of the seminal plasma in a variety of mammals such as bovine PDC-109, equine HSP-1/2, and donkey DSP-1 contain fibronectin type-II (FnII) domains and are referred to as FnII family proteins. To further our understanding on these proteins, we carried out detailed studies on DSP-3, another FnII protein of donkey seminal plasma. High-resolution mass-spectrometric studies revealed that DSP-3 contains 106 amino acid residues and is heterogeneously glycosylated with multiple acetylations on the glycans.

Freezability and Fertility Rates of Stallion Semen Supplemented With Trehalose in Lactose Extender.

Cryopreservation of stallion semen is often associated with poor post-thaw sperm quality. One of the reason for this diminished quality is osmotic stress that spermatozoa experiences during freezing and thawing process. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cryoprotective effect of trehalose on stallion sperm quality and field fertility rates subjected to cooling and freeze-thawing process.

High-throughput proteomic characterization of seminal plasma from bulls with contrasting semen quality.

Unlabelled: Seminal plasma proteins are the major extrinsic factors that can modulate the sperm quality and functions. The present study was carried out to compare the proteomic profiles of seminal plasma from breeding bulls producing good and poor quality semen in an effort to understand the possible proteins associated with semen quality. A total of 910 and 715 proteins were detected in the seminal plasma of poor and good quality semen producing bulls, respectively.

Cryopreservation process alters the expression of genes involved in pathways associated with the fertility of bull spermatozoa.

In bovines, cryopreserved semen is used for artificial insemination; however, the fertility of cryopreserved semen is far lower than that of fresh semen. Although cryopreservation alters sperm phenotypic characteristics, its effect on sperm molecular health is not thoroughly understood. The present study applied next-generation sequencing to investigate the effect of cryopreservation on the sperm transcriptomic composition of bull spermatozoa.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms cumulating to genetic variation for fertility in crossbred ( × ) bull spermatozoa.

Spermatozoa from high-fertile (HF) and low-fertile (LF) breeding bulls were subjected to high-throughput next-generation sequencing to identify important Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and novel variants associated with fertility. A total of 77,038 genome-wide SNPs were identified, among which, 10,788 were novel variants. A total of 42,290 and 34,748 variants were recorded with 6115 and 4673 novel variants in in HF and LF bulls, respectively.

Integrated multi-omics analyses reveals molecules governing sperm metabolism potentially influence bull fertility.

Bull fertility is of paramount importance in bovine industry because semen from a single bull is used to breed several thousands of cows; however, so far, no reliable test is available for bull fertility prediction. In the present study, spermatozoa from high- and low-fertility bulls were subjected to high-throughput transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analysis. Using an integrated multi-omics approach the molecular differences between high- and low-fertility bulls were identified.

Genom-wide analysis identifies single nucleotide polymorphism variations and altered pathways associated with poor semen quality in breeding bulls.

The reason for poor semen quality among the breeding bulls is not well understood. In the present study, we performed high-throughput RNAseq analysis of spermatozoa to identify the SNPs present in good and poor-quality semen-producing Holstein Friesian breeding bulls. A total of 21,360 and 44,650 SNPs were identified in good and poor-quality semen with a minimum read depth of 20, among which 4780 and 8710 novel variants were observed in good and poor-quality semen, respectively.

High throughput deep proteomic analysis of seminal plasma from stallions with contrasting semen quality.

Seminal plasma proteins and pathways associated with sperm motility have not been elucidated in stallions. Therefore, in the current study, using the high throughput LC/MS-MS approach, we profiled stallion seminal plasma proteins and identified the proteins and pathways associated with sperm motility. Seminal plasma from six stallions producing semen with contrasting sperm motility ( = 3 each high-and low-motile group) was utilized for proteomic analysis.

Purification, molecular characterization and ligand binding properties of the major donkey seminal plasma protein DSP-1.

Fibronectin type-II (FnII) family proteins are the major proteins in many mammalian species including bull, horse and pig. In the present study, a major FnII protein has been identified and isolated from donkey (Equus hemionus) seminal plasma, which we refer to as Donkey Seminal Plasma protein-1 (DSP-1). The amino acid sequence determined by mass spectrometry and computational modeling studies revealed that DSP-1 is homologous to other mammalian seminal plasma proteins, including bovine PDC-109 (also known as BSP-A1/A2) and equine HSP-1/2.

Applications of Genome Editing Tools in Stem Cells Towards Regenerative Medicine: An Update.

Precise and site-specific genome editing through application of emerging and modern gene engineering techniques, namely zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/ Cas9) have swiftly progressed the application and use of the stem cell technology in the sphere of in-vitro disease modelling and regenerative medicine. Genome editing tools facilitate the manipulation of genes in various types of cells with target-specific nucleases. These tools aid in elucidating the genetics and etiology behind different diseases and have immense promise as novel therapeutics for correcting the genetic mutations, making alterations, and curing diseases permanently, which are not responding and resistant to traditional therapies.

Melatonin and canthaxanthin enhances sperm viability and protect ram spermatozoa from oxidative stress during liquid storage at 4°C.

Antioxidants are used to minimize oxidative stress during liquid semen storage. The main aim of current study was to elucidate effect of supplementing melatonin and canthaxanthin in Tris-based extender could enhance seminal quality of ram at 4°C up to 72 h. A total of 48 ejaculates were collected from breeding Magra rams (n = 8) and were preliminarily subjected for various macroscopic and microscopic semen evaluation tests.

Epididymosomes: A potential male fertility influencer.

During transit and storage in epididymis, spermatozoa undergo final maturation, acquire motility, functional competence and the ability to fertilise an oocyte. Epididymal secretions contain a complex biochemical milieu of diverse inorganic ions, proteins, metabolites and other molecules. Since it is believed that spermatozoa are translationally silent, proteins appearing in them are thought to be synthesised elsewhere, including epididymis, and then incorporated to the cells.

Cholesterol Loaded Cyclodextrin Supplementation Enhances the Cholesterol-to-Phospholipid Ratio and Diminishes Oxidative Stress in Jack Spermatozoa During Cryopreservation.

The present study was conducted with the hypothesis that addition of cholesterol to the extender would stabilize the sperm membranes by increasing the cholesterol-to-phospholipid (C:P) ratio and would result in an improved post-thaw semen quality and reduce oxidative stress in the jack (Martina franca) semen. Forty-eight ejaculates from six jacks were collected and analyzed for the present study. The freshly collected semen sample of each jack stallion was divided into five equal fractions after addition of the primary extender without cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin (CLC) (C) and with 1, 1.

Ameliorative Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Glutathione in Combating the Cryoinjuries During Cryopreservation of Exotic Jack Semen.

The present study was designed to study the adverse effects of cryopreservation and evaluation of the cryoprotective effect of reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation on exotic jack semen in combination or alone. For this, 24 semen samples from four adult and fertile jacks were collected via artificial vagina using an estrus jenny as dummy. After semen collection, the semen was evaluated for various qualitative and quantitative parameters in fresh, cooled, and frozen-thawed semen.

Biochemical components of seminal plasma and their correlation to the fresh seminal characteristics in Marwari stallions and Poitou jacks.

Aim: To investigate various biochemical components of seminal plasma in Marwari stallions and Poitou Jacks and to find out their correlation with that of the seminal characteristics.

Materials And Methods: In this study, semen was collected from six Marwari stallions and six Poitou jacks aged from 4 to 6 years and with known fertility status. The semen collection from the stallions were collected during the breeding season, i.