H-NMR metabolomics investigation of CSF from children with HIV reveals altered neuroenergetics due to persistent immune activation.

Background: HIV can invade the central nervous system (CNS) early during infection, invading perivascular macrophages and microglia, which, in turn, release viral particles and immune mediators that dysregulate all brain cell types. Consequently, children living with HIV often present with neurodevelopmental delays.

Methods: In this study, we used proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) spectroscopy to analyze the neurometabolic profile of HIV infection using cerebrospinal fluid samples obtained from 17 HIV+ and 50 HIV- South African children.

An exploratory investigation of the CSF metabolic profile of HIV in a South African paediatric cohort using GCxGC-TOF/MS.

Introduction:  Because cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples are difficult to obtain for paediatric HIV, few studies have attempted to profile neurometabolic dysregulation.

Aim And Objective: The aim of this exploratory study was to profile the neurometabolic state of CSF from a South African paediatric cohort using GCxGC-TOF/MS. The study included 54 paediatric cases (< 12 years), 42 HIV-negative controls and 12 HIV-positive individuals.

Exploring Fully Biobased Adhesives: Sustainable Kraft Lignin and 5-HMF Adhesive for Particleboards.

Most adhesives used in the wood-based panel (WBP) industry are petroleum-based and are associated with environmental impact and price fluctuations. Furthermore, most have potential adverse health impacts, such as formaldehyde emissions. This has led to interest from the WBP industry in developing adhesives with bio-based and/or non-hazardous components.

[Management of native kidneys in renal transplant recipients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney].

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is responsible for 10 % of end-stage renal failure cases in Europe and the majority of these patients will have their renal failure treated with kidney transplantation. In this context, native kidneys will have a negligible function but maybe the source of a series of complications, whether due to polycystosis or immunosuppression. These complications include urinary tract infections, renal neoplasms, high blood pressure and abdominal pain and must be managed specifically for this particular context.

Association between increased retinal background noise and co-occurrent regular cannabis and alcohol use.

Background: Cannabis consumption is widespread across the world, and the co-occurrence of cannabis use and alcohol consumption is common. The study of background noise - resting-state neural activity, in the absence of stimulation - is an approach that could enable the neurotoxicity of these substances to be explored. Preliminary results have shown that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) causes an increase in neural noise in the brain.

Feasibility of biweekly combination chemotherapy with capecitabine, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin in patients with metastatic solid tumors: results of a two-step phase I trial: XELIRI and XELIRINOX.

Background: Biweekly schedule of capecitabine combined with irinotecan (XELIRI), consecutively with irinotecan and oxaliplatin (XELIRINOX), was evaluated in patients with metastatic cancer from any solid tumors.

Patients And Methods: In this two-step phase I trial, seventeen and eleven patients were enrolled in the XELIRI and XELIRINOX stages, respectively.

Results: In XELIRI, a total of 136 chemotherapy cycles were administered with a median number of 8 cycles per patient (2-16).

Prognostic significance of TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R3 expression in metastatic colorectal carcinomas.

Drug resistance is believed to cause treatment failure in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Resistance to chemotherapy can involve different processes, including apoptosis, whose extrinsic pathway is regulated by expression of death-inducing TRAIL-R1 and -R2 and inhibitory TRAIL-R3 and -R4 cell surface receptors. Therefore, we investigated whether variations in their expression could influence the response to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in metastatic CRC.

p53 status and response to radiotherapy in rectal cancer: a prospective multilevel analysis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate, in a prospective study, the predictive role of p53 status analysed at four different levels in identifying the response to preoperative radiotherapy in rectal adenocarcinoma. Before treatment, 70 patients were staged and endoscopic forceps biopsies from the tumour area were taken. p53 status was assessed by total cDNA sequencing, allelic loss analysis, immunohistochemistry, and p53 antibodies.

Interest of investigating p53 status in breast cancer by four different methods.

Alterations in the p53 gene are among the most common molecular changes in breast cancer although its potential role as a prognostic and predictive factor of tumor response is controversial. All abnormalities of this tumor marker need to be detected with efficacy and practical technologies. In the present study, our aim was to compare four different analyses of p53 in order to determine how many and which techniques were necessary and sufficient to reflect the p53 status in breast cancer.

Activation of dopaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmission by tachykinin NK3 receptor stimulation: an in vivo microdialysis approach in guinea pig.

The regulation of dopaminergic and cholinergic function by neurokinin-3 (NK3) receptor activation was examined in vivo in urethane-anaesthetized guinea pigs with microdialysis probes. The local application of the NK3 tachykinin receptor agonist senktide in the region of dopamine cell bodies (pars compacta of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area) and in the area of cholinergic cell bodies (septal area) markedly enhanced the extracellular dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) concentration throughout their respective target areas, i.e.

Effects of fertilizer on insecticides adsorption and biodegradation in crop soils.

Recent organic fertilizer treatments (cow manure, pig slurry, composts, or green manure) simultaneously increase insecticide adsorption onto soil and the insecticide soil persistence, indicating a mechanism of slow release of insecticide into soil by the organic matter. This occurred in sugar beet crops with aldicarb, thiofanox and imidacloprid; also, in leek, cauliflower and brussels sprouts crops with chlorpyrifos and chlorfenvinphos. In contrast, organic fertilizer treatments applied once or repeatedly in the past, have no significant influence on adsorption or persistence of insecticides; the same is observed for the old soil organic matter, when its soil concentrations change in limited ranges

[Laparoscopic surgery versus laparotomy. Comparative analysis of stress markers].

The place of laparoscopic surgery continues to increase in the field of surgery in our specialty. Although the advantages would seem to be obvious, it seemed to us interesting to quantify, if possible, the parameters of operative stress and compare laparoscopic surgery with conventional surgery. Markers studied are Prolactin, Cortisol, Adrenaline, Nor-Adrenaline, Dopamine and the Beta-Endorphins.

Spectral and enzymatic properties of human recombinant myeloperoxidase: comparison with the mature enzyme.

Human recombinant myeloperoxidase (recMPO), purified from an engineered Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line, has been characterized and compared to the mature enzyme isolated from polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Both molecules appear essentially similar in physicochemical enzymatic terms according to the following observations. 1.

Self-labeling of human polymorphonuclear leucocyte myeloperoxidase with 125iodine.

In order to obtain a radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique for the measurement of human plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO), we purified the enzyme from polymorphonuclear granulocytes (neutrophils), and compared three methods of labeling it with 125Iodine:chloramine T, lactoperoxidase, and an original technique of 'self labeling' based on the ability of the enzyme to oxidize and bind 125I in the presence of H2O2. The chloramine T technique produced a degraded protein, as well shown by a high non-specific binding of tracer to antibody. The lactoperoxidase technique did not succeed in labeling MPO with an adequate specific activity.

Fast double antibody radioimmunoassay of human granulocyte myeloperoxidase and its application to plasma.

The haem enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) (EC 1.11.1.

[Celioscopy with peridural anesthesia. Techniques, indications, results in 220 cases].

The authors used epidural anaesthesia to carry out laparoscopy in 220 patients. The chief indications for the laparoscopies were GIFT (intratubal transfer of gametes) and tubal sterilization. The technique used was slightly different according to the indications for the use but they had to be sure of anaesthetising up to T4.

Human myeloperoxidase activity is inhibited in vitro by quercetin. Comparison with three related compounds.

Quercetin is an effective inhibitor of human myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, both with purified enzyme (IC50 = 3.5 microM) and in a system using stimulated human neutrophils. Quercetin is significantly more potent than three other related compounds (rutin, rutin sulfate and troxerutin) and than methimazole, a previously-known myeloperoxidase inhibitor.

Ginkgo biloba extract inhibits oxygen species production generated by phorbol myristate acetate stimulated human leukocytes.

A Ginkgo biloba extract (Gbe) containing flavonoids, among other compounds, was tested for the release of activated oxygen species (O-2, H2O2, OH.) during the stimulation of human neutrophils (PMNs) by a soluble agonist. The extract slows down O2 consumption (respiratory burst) of stimulated cells by its inhibitory action on NADPH-oxidase, the enzyme responsible for the reduction of O2 to O-2.

Stimulation of cyclooxygenase by activated human neutrophils is enhanced by uric acid.

Activated human neutrophils supernatant enhances prostanoids production by bull seminal cyclooxygenase (455% of control). Superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide are not involved in this stimulation, in these experimental conditions. Myeloperoxidase (by its hemic nature) and HPETEs (by their -OOH function) could trigger cyclooxygenase.

[Antigen enzyme coupling: a few results (author's transl)].

Various technics of coupling (carbodiimide, glutaraldehyde, periodate) have been used for the grafting of human casein on glucose oxidase. The various types of product obtained were identified by gel filtration and used for drawing up titration curves. The authors compared radioimmunoassay and enzymoimmunologic estimation showing the importance of the molecular size of the conjugates obtained.

Casein and other tumor markers in relation to cancer of the breast.

Five tumor markers can be simultaneously determined in the serum by radioimmunoassay: carcinoembryonal antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (alpha-FP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), beta-subunit of HCG (beta-HCG) and kappa-casein. In a series of 935 healthy subjects, these antigens remain detectable or are detected within very precise limits. At the start of the clinical evolution of breast cancer, the incidence of pathological concentrations is increased as compared with the highest level observed in normal subjects.