Optimising homeothermy in neonates: A systematic review and clinical guidelines from the French Neonatal Society.

Aim: Thermal instability is harmful on the newborn infant. We sought to draw up practical guidelines on maintaining homeothermy alongside skin-to-skin contact.

Methods: A systematic analysis of the literature identified relevant studies between 2000 and 2021 in the PubMed database.

Studying Clinical, Biologic and Echocardiography Criteria to Predict a Resistant Kawasaki Disease in Children.

Background: Resistant Kawasaki disease (KD) represents 10%-15% of KD patients and increases risk of coronary artery abnormalities (CAAs). Different scores exist to predict resistant KD but only in Japanese population, although a French team has recently proposed a new scoring system. The principal objective of this study is to establish criteria to predict resistant KD in our representative French population.

Pregnancy vulnerability in urban areas: a pragmatic approach combining behavioral, medico-obstetrical, socio-economic and environmental factors.

Multiple risk factors are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO), but how all these different factors combine and accumulate remains unknown. The objective of this observational retrospective study was to describe the accumulation of multiple vulnerability markers in pregnant women living in an urban area. Women living in Besançon (France) who delivered between 2005 and 2009 were included.

Recommendation for hygiene and topical in neonatology from the French Neonatal Society.

We sought to establish guidelines for hygiene care in newborns based on a systematic review of the literature and grading of evidence using the Groupe de Réflexion et d'Evaluation de l'Environement des Nouveau-nés (GREEN) methodology. We examined 45 articles and 4 reports from safety agencies. These studies recommend a tub bath (rather than a sponge bath) for full-term infants and a swaddle bath for preterm newborns.

Extremely premature infants: How does death in the delivery room influence mortality rates in two level 3 centers in France?

Objectives: Mortality rates of very preterm infants may vary considerably between healthcare facilities depending on the neonates' place of inclusion in the cohort study. The objective of this study was to compare the mortality rates of live-born extremely preterm neonates observed in two French tertiary referral hospitals, taking into account the occurrence of neonatal death both in the delivery room and in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods: Retrospective observational study including all pregnancy terminations, stillbirths and live-born infants within a 22- to 26-week gestational age range was registered by two French level 3 university centers between 2009 and 2013.

Does low to moderate environmental exposure to noise and air pollution influence preterm delivery in medium-sized cities?

Background: Preterm birth (PB) is an important predictor of childhood morbidity and educational performance. Beyond the known risk factors, environmental factors, such as air pollution and noise, have been implicated in PB. In urban areas, these pollutants coexist.

Nasal midazolam vs ketamine for neonatal intubation in the delivery room: a randomised trial.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of sedation by intranasal administration of midazolam (nMDZ) or ketamine (nKTM) for neonatal intubation.

Design: A multicentre, prospective, randomised, double-blind study.

Setting: Delivery rooms at four tertiary perinatal centres in France.

Altered autonomic control in preterm newborns with impaired neurological outcomes.

Purpose: Very preterm newborns are at high risk of neurological injury. The objective of this work was to study the impact of neurological aggression on the autonomic nervous system.

Methods: We studied polysomnography recordings, at term corrected gestational age, for 38 preterm infants born at less than 28 weeks or weighing less than 1 kg.

[Iatrogenic skin lesions: a prospective study in premature infants born at less than 33 weeks of amenorrhea at Besançon university hospital].

Background: Advances in neonatology have markedly improved prognosis for premature babies in recent years. However, they have also entailed the need for recourse to considerable intensive care involving potentially iatrogenic diagnostic and therapeutic acts. Among the resulting iatrogenic events, cutaneous lesions are the most frequent but have been the subject of very few studies.

Transfontanellar contrast enhanced ultrasound in infants: initial experience.

Background And Purpose: Transfontanellar contrast enhanced ultrasound (TCEUS) in infants with neurological diseases has not been previously reported. Thus, the objective of our study was to describe the imaging findings of transfontanellar contrast enhanced ultrasound (TCEUS) performed in various neurological conditions in infants and to compare the findings with non-enhanced transfontanellar ultrasound (TFUS) and MRI.

Methods: Local institutional review board approval was obtained and, because of the need to catheterize children for contrast media administration, written informed consent of parents was obtained prior to all performed TCEUS.

[Variables determining the amount of care for very preterm neonates: the concept of medical stance].

Objective: To compare the amount of medical interventions on very preterm neonates (24-31 weeks of gestation) in two French university tertiary care centers, one of which is involved in a Neonatal Developmental Care program. A secondary objective is to assess whether this difference in medical interventions can be linked to a difference in mortality and morbidity rates.

Methods: We prospectively included all very preterm neonates free from lethal malformation born live in these two centers between 2006 and 2010.

[Advantage of delayed umbilical cord clamping in the newborn infant].

The timing of umbilical cord clamping remains controversial. Although most maternity wards use the early clamping (5-15s), randomized studies and meta-analyses have demonstrated the benefit of delayed clamping for term and preterm newborn infants over the past 10 years. Indeed, placentofetal transfusion of 20-30 ml/kg in 2-3 min improves the iron status of term infants and prevents infant hypochromic anemia.

Neonatal infection and 5-year neurodevelopmental outcome of very preterm infants.

Objective: To determine whether neonatal infections are associated with a higher risk of adverse neurodevelopment at 5 years of age in a population-based cohort of very preterm children.

Methods: We included all live births between 22 and 32 weeks of gestation, from 9 regions in France, in 1997 (EPIPAGE study). Of the 2665 live births, 2277 were eligible for a follow-up evaluation at 5 years of age: 1769 had a medical examination and 1495 underwent cognitive assessment.

Cognitive impairment at age 5 years in very preterm infants born following premature rupture of membranes.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and cognitive impairment in 5-year-old children born very preterm.

Study Design: The Etude Epidémiologique sur les Petits Ages Gestationnels Study is a population-based cohort of children followed up from birth to age 5 years recruited in 9 French regions in 1997. We analyzed data from singletons born between 24 and 32 weeks gestation categorized into 4 groups according to etiology of prematurity: infants born after PPROM, after idiopathic preterm labor, in a vascular context (Vasc), and to women with other complications (Other).

Decreased spontaneous arousability in preterm newborns with impaired neurological outcome.

Preterm newborns are at high risk of neurological injury. In this population, we investigated the link between neurological complications and sleep architecture. At term-corrected gestational age, we studied retrospectively the polysomnography of 45 preterm infants born at < 28 weeks or weighting < 1 kg.

Neonatal factors associated with alteration of palatal morphology in very preterm children: the EPIPAGE cohort study.

Background: Altered palatal morphology has been observed among some preterm children, with possible consequences on chewing, speaking and esthetics, but determinants remain unknown.

Aim: To explore the role of neonatal characteristics and neuromotor dysfunction in alteration of palatal morphology at 5 years of age in very preterm children.

Study Design: Prospective population-based cohort study.

Special care and school difficulties in 8-year-old very preterm children: the Epipage cohort study.

Objectives: To investigate school difficulties, special care and behavioral problems in 8 year-old very preterm (VPT) children.

Patient And Methods: Longitudinal population-based cohort in nine regions of France of VPT children and a reference group born at 39-40 weeks of gestation (WG). The main outcome measures were information about school, special care and behavioral problems using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire from a questionnaire to parents.

Predictors of the risk of cognitive deficiency in very preterm infants: the EPIPAGE prospective cohort.

Aim: To assess cerebral lesions and other medical as well as social characteristics as predictors of risk of mild and severe cognitive deficiencies in very preterm infants.

Methods: As part of the EPIPAGE population-based prospective cohort study, perinatal data and cognitive outcome at 5 years of age were recorded for 1503 infants born before 33 weeks of gestation in nine regions of France in 1997. Mild cognitive deficiency was defined as a Mental Processing Composite score on the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children test of between 70 and 84, and severe cognitive deficiency as a score of <70.

Cardiovascular control during sleep in infants: Implications for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.

In infants the cardiorespiratory system undergoes significant functional maturation after birth and these changes are sleep-state dependent. Given the immaturity of these systems it is not surprising that infants are at risk of cardiorespiratory instability, especially during sleep. A failure of cardiovascular control mechanisms in particular is believed to play a role in the final event of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).

Microdeletion at chromosome 4q21 defines a new emerging syndrome with marked growth restriction, mental retardation and absent or severely delayed speech.

BACKGROUND Genome-wide screening of large patient cohorts with mental retardation using microarray-based comparative genomic hybridisation (array-CGH) has recently led to identification several novel microdeletion and microduplication syndromes. METHODS Owing to the national array-CGH network funded by the French Ministry of Health, shared information about patients with rare disease helped to define critical intervals and evaluate their gene content, and finally determine the phenotypic consequences of genomic array findings. RESULTS In this study, nine unrelated patients with overlapping de novo interstitial microdeletions involving 4q21 are reported.

[Pediatric intermediate care demand, results of a survey in 3 French regions].

In France, recent legislation for pediatric critical care organization endorsed the creation of a new level of pediatric care, the intermediate care units. These units treat children who require close monitoring and/or continuous monitoring due to potential failure of 1 or more organs, yet not to the degree of intensity of pediatric critical care. These rules do not provide precise admission and discharge guidelines for the pediatric patients requiring intermediate care.