Status Epilepticus: Behavioral and Electroencephalography Seizure Correlates in Kainate Experimental Models.

Various etiological factors, such as head injury, chemical intoxication, tumors, and gene mutation, can induce epileptogenesis. In animal models, (SE) triggers epileptogenesis. In humans, convulsive SE for >30 min can be a life-threatening medical emergency.

1400W, a highly selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor is a potential disease modifier in the rat kainate model of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Status epilepticus (SE) initiates epileptogenesis to transform normal brain to epileptic state which is characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS). Prior to SRS, progressive changes occur in the brain soon after SE, for example, loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, neuronal hyper-excitability (epileptiform spiking), neuroinflammation [reactive gliosis, high levels of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS)], neurodegeneration and synaptic re-organization. Our hypothesis was that modification of early epileptogenic events will alter the course of disease development and its progression.

Immediate epileptogenesis: Impact on brain in C57BL/6J mouse kainate model.

We have recently demonstrated immediate epileptogenesis in the C57BL/6J mouse, the strain that is resistant to kainate-induced neurotoxicity. By using a repeated low dose of kainate, we produced mild and severe status epilepticus (SE) models. In the present study, we demonstrate the impact of mild and severe SE, and spontaneous convulsive/nonconvulsive seizures (CS/NCS) on structure and function of the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and amygdala at 7, 14 and 28 day post-SE.

LC-MS/MS profiling and neuroprotective effects of Mentat® against transient global ischemia and reperfusion-induced brain injury in rats.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible beneficial effects of Mentat against transient global ischemia and reperfusion-induced brain injury in rats.

Methods: The neuroprotective effects of Mentat were evaluated against transient global ischemia and reperfusion (I/R)-induced brain injury in rats. Various neurobehavioral and biochemical parameters were assessed, followed by morphologic and histopathologic evaluation of brain tissue to conclude the protective effect of Mentat.

An improved experimental model of hemorrhoids in rats: evaluation of antihemorrhoidal activity of an herbal formulation.

Objective. To improve the existing experimental model of croton oil-induced hemorrhoids in rats by using Evans Blue (EB) dye extravasation technique. Further, an herbal formulation (Pilex) was evaluated for its antihemorrhoidal activity in this model.

Ameliorative effect of Koflet formulations against pyridine-induced pharyngitis in rats.

In present study two formulations of Koflet (syrup and lozenges) were evaluated against pyridine-induced pharyngitis in rats. Topical application of 10% pyridine showed extravasation of Evans blue stain as a characteristic feature of on-going inflammation. In addition, the levels of TNF-α ( < 0.

Neuroprotective Activity of Pongamia pinnata in Monosodium Glutamate-induced Neurotoxicity in Rats.

This study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective activity of ethanol extract of Pongamia pinnata stem bark in monosodium glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Neurotoxicity was induced by intraperitoneal injection of monosodium glutamate 2 g per kg body weight daily for 7 days. Ethanol extract of Pongamia pinnata stem bark (200 and 400 mg/kg) was administered orally after 1 h of monosodium glutamate treatment.

Novel experimental model of non-infectious pharyngitis in rats.

Introduction: Currently, there is a paucity of scientific literature and reports related to screening models for non-infectious type of pharyngitis. In this context, we made a sincere attempt to establish a novel animal model for screening drugs against non-infectious pharyngitis in rats. We have considered the use of pyridine, croton oil and their combination for inducing non-infectious pharyngitis in rats.

Evaluation of Bacopa monniera for its synergistic activity with rivastigmine in reversing aluminum-induced memory loss and learning deficit in rats.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the synergistic activity of Bacopa monniera with Rivastigmine against aluminum-chloride (AlCl3)-induced cognitive impairment in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into ten groups (n = 10) and subjected to their assigned treatments for 42 days. On the 20(th) day of the respective drug treatments, all the animals were trained in the Morris water maze (retention latency) and the elevated plus maze (transfer latency).

Cardioprotective effect of Vedic Guard against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats: A biochemical, electrocardiographic, and histopathological study.

Background: Vedic Guard is a polyherbal formulation used in the treatment of various ailments, however, is not scientifically assessed for its effect on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

Objective: To find out the preventive role of Vedic Guard against doxorubicin-induced myocardial toxicity in rats.

Materials And Methods: Cardiotoxicity was produced by doxorubicin (15 mg/kg for 2 weeks).

Cardioprotective effect of Saraca indica against cyclophosphamide induced cardiotoxicity in rats: a biochemical, electrocardiographic and histopathological study.

Objectives: Cardioprotective activity of alcoholic extract of Saraca indica (SI) bark was investigated against cyclophosphamide induced cardiotoxicity.

Materials And Methods: Cardiotoxicity was induced in Wistar rats by administering cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg, i.p.

Hepatoprotective Effect of Cissus quadrangularis Stem Extract Against Rifampicin-induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats.

The study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis against rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.The coarse powder of the shade dried stem of Cissus quadrangularis was subjected to successive extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus using solvents petroleum ether (60-80°) and methanol. Liver damage was induced in Wistar rats by administering rifampicin (54 mg/kg, p.

Cardioprotective effect of curcumin against doxorubicin-induced myocardial toxicity in albino rats.

Objectives: To study the preventive role of curcumin against doxorubicin (Dox)-induced myocardial toxicity in rats.

Materials And Methods: Cardiotoxicity was produced by cumulative administration of Dox (15 mg/kg for two weeks). Curcumin (200 mg/kg, po) was administered as pretreatment for two weeks and then for two alternate weeks with Dox.

Influence of proton pump inhibitors on dexamethasone-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats.

The present study was designed to compare the curative role of proton pump inhibitors, omeprazole, rabeprazole and lansoprazole against dexamethasone-induced ulcer model. Dexamethasone (5 mg/kg/day) was used as an ulcerogen. Dexamethasone suspended in 1% CMC in water was given orally to all rats.

Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activity of plectranthus amboinicus on normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by single intraperitoneal administration of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg). Normal as well as diabetic rats were divided into groups (n=6) receiving different treatments.

Cardioprotective effect of ascorbic acid on doxorubicin-induced myocardial toxicity in rats.

Objective: To investigate the preventive and curative role of ascorbic acid on doxorubicin (dox)-induced myocardial toxicity in rats.

Materials And Methods: Animals were divided into five groups of six animals each. Group I served as normal control and received saline 5 ml/kg/day intraperitoneal (i.

Evaluation of Antiinflammatory Activity of Centratherum anthelminticum (L) Kuntze Seed.

In the present study petroleum ether and alcoholic extracts of Centratherum anthelminticum (L) Kuntze seed (100 mg and 200 mg/kg p.o.) were evaluated for antiinflammatory activity in acute and subacute models of inflammation.

Alcoholic leaf extract of Plectranthus amboinicus regulates carbohydrate metabolism in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Objective: The present investigation was undertaken to explore the possible mechanisms of Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Materials And Methods: Control and alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats received different treatments; orally control (vehicle), 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Plectranthus amboinicus (PAEE) and 600 μg/kg of glibenclamide (standard) for 15 days. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and enzyme activities of carbohydrate metabolism were measured in the liver.

Protective role of Phyllantus niruri extract in doxorubicin-induced myocardial toxicity in rats.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of the aqueous extract of Phyllanthus niruri (Aq.E.PN) against doxorubicin (Dox)-induced myocardial toxicity in rats.

Antiinflammatory, Analgesic and Antipyretic Activities of Mimusops elengi Linn.

In the present study, 70% ethanol extract of Mimusops elengi Linn. bark was assessed for antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities in animals. The antiinflammatory activity of ethanol extract of Mimusops elengi (200 mg/kg, p.

Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of Cissus quadrangularis stem extract against isoniazid-induced liver damage in rats.

Objective: The study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) against isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Materials And Methods: The successive petroleum ether (60-80°C) and methanol extracts of C. quadrangularis were used.

Comparative study of proton pump inhibitors on dexamethasone plus pylorus ligation induced ulcer model in rats.

The present study was designed to compare ulcer protective effect of proton pump inhibitors viz. omeprazole, rabeprazole and lansoprazole against dexamethasone plus pylorus ligation induced ulcer model. Dexamethasone (5 mg/kg) was used as an ulcerogen.

Evaluation of Analgesic and Antipyretic Activities of Centratherum anthelminticum (L) Kuntze Seed.

The study was designed to investigate analgesic and antipyretic activities of petroleum ether and alcohol extracts of Centratherum anthelminticum (L) Kuntze (family: Asteraceae) seeds (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) in brewer's yeast-induced fever model in rats, acetic acid-induced writhing and Eddy's hot plate methods in mice.

Cardioprotective effect of lipistat against doxorubicin induced myocardial toxicity in albino rats.

Preventive role of lipistat against doxorubicin induced myocardial toxicity in rats has been reported. Cardiotoxicity was produced by doxorubicin administration (15 mg/kg for 2 weeks). Lipistat (350 mg/kg, orally) was administered as pretreatment for 2 weeks and then for 2 weeks alternated with doxorubicin.

Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a novel series of 5-(substituted)aryl-3-(3-coumarinyl)-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolines as novel anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents.

A novel series of 5-(substituted)aryl-3-(3-coumarinyl)-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolines (3a-l) were synthesized by reacting various substituted 3-aryl-1-(3-coumarinyl)propan-1-ones (2a-l) with phenylhydrazine in the presence of hot pyridine. Structures of all new synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis and spectral data (IR, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR). The title compounds were screened for in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.