Decreased paraoxonase 1 activity and increased oxidative stress in low lead-exposed workers.

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) has been proposed as an antioxidant enzyme. Although lead-inhibited PON1 activity has been demonstrated mostly based on in vitro experiments, it is uncertain whether this phenomenon is relevant in pathogenesis of lead-induced oxidative stress in the lead exposure. We examined associations of blood lead levels (BLL) and PON1 activity along with oxidative stress parameters in lead exposure workers.

Human paraoxonase 2.

Human paraoxonase 2 (PON2), which is a member of the paraoxonase family, possesses unique properties that distinguish it from PON1 and PON3. PON2 is ubiquitously expressed in many different tissue types and is highly expressed in the vital organs, such as the heart and lungs. Early research revealed that PON2 is exclusively intracellularly found, wherein it functions as an anti-oxidative protein by reducing intracellular and local oxidative stress.

Effect of atorvastatin on paraoxonase1 (PON1) and oxidative status.

It has been proposed that paraoxonase1 (PON1), a high density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated esterase/lactonase, has anti-atherosclerotic properties. The activity of PON1 is influenced by PON1 polymorphisms. However, the influence of PON1 polymorphisms on PON1 activity and oxidative stress in response to lipid-lowering drugs remains poorly understood.