Integrating Cultural Humility into Medical Education Using a Structured and Interactive Workshop.

Background: Cultural humility is a lifelong commitment to self-evaluation, redressing power imbalances in patient-physician relationships and developing mutually trusting beneficial partnerships.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility and efficacy of cultural humility training.

Methods: From July 2020-March 2021, 90-minute educational workshops attended by 133 medical students, resident physicians and medical education faculty included 1) pre- and post- intervention surveys; 2) interactive presentation on equity and cultural humility principles; 3) participants explored sociocultural identities and power; and 4) reflective group discussions.

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement (SAVR): A Review on the Length of Stay, Cost, Comorbidities, and Procedural Complications.

This review provides an in-depth analysis of the effect of length of stay (LOS), comorbidities, and procedural complications on the cost-effectiveness of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in comparison to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). We found that the average LOS was shorter for patients undergoing TAVR, contributing to lower average costs associated with the procedure, although the LOS varied between patients due to the severity of illness and comorbidities present. TAVR has also been found to improve the quality of life for patients receiving aortic valve replacement compared to SAVR.

Using a Virtual Simulation Workshop to Teach Interns Evidence-Based Feedback Techniques.

Background The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requires residents to demonstrate competence in integrating feedback into their daily practice. With the shift to virtual medical education during the pandemic, the need for new skills in delivering effective feedback through virtual media has emerged. Methodology This study aimed to assess the feasibility of a virtual bootcamp for interns, utilizing virtual simulation workshops to teach effective feedback skills.

The Effect of Glycemic Control on Morbidity and Mortality in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients.

Background COVID-19 infection has caused a global pandemic affecting a group of patients with chronic conditions including diabetes with exacerbating insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Investigators noted that pre-existing diabetes and newly diagnosed diabetes are associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection. Aim To evaluate the relationship between ICU patients infected with COVID-19 and mortality among those with high versus low glucose levels.

A Review of the Cost Effectiveness of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement (SAVR).

The cost of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has been studied in the context of high-risk or specific comorbidity populations; this paper provides a comprehensive overview of broader patient populations' outcomes and costs with TAVR in comparison to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). In the past, SAVR had been the more cost-effective option than TAVR, but in recent years, TAVR has been becoming more cost-effective.Though the cost of TAVR can vary due to several factors the major focus of this review will focus on the surgical technique, medicare reimbursements, insertion point, and varying risk populations.

Four Acid-Base Disturbances in a Critically-Ill Patient Undergoing Emergent Abdominal Surgery.

Lactic acidosis is common in critically-ill surgical patients, but not all perioperative acid-base imbalances are attributable to tissue hypoperfusion. Other causes of acid-base abnormalities can be missed when focused on acute resuscitation of a surgical pathology. This report presents the case of a 60-year-old woman with no past medical history who underwent exploratory laparotomy for umbilical hernia with incarcerated and perforated bowel whose perioperative management was complicated by four acid-base disturbances, including starvation ketosis.

Interventions for promoting the eruption of palatally displaced permanent canine teeth, without the need for surgical exposure, in children aged 9 to 14 years.

Background: A permanent upper (maxillary) canine tooth that grows into the roof of the mouth and frequently does not appear (erupt) is called a palatally displaced canine (PDC). The reported prevalence of PDC in the population varies between 1% and 3%. Management of the unerupted PDC can be lengthy, involving surgery to uncover the tooth and prolonged orthodontic (brace) treatment to straighten it; therefore, various procedures have been suggested to encourage a PDC to erupt without the need for surgical intervention.

WITHDRAWN: Extraction of primary (baby) teeth for unerupted palatally displaced permanent canine teeth in children.

Background: The permanent canine tooth in the maxillary (upper) jaw sometimes does not erupt into the mouth correctly. In about 1% to 3% of the population these teeth will be diverted into the roof of the mouth (palatally). It has been suggested that if the primary canine is removed at the right time this palatal eruption might be avoided.

Open versus closed surgical exposure of canine teeth that are displaced in the roof of the mouth.

Background: Palatally displaced canines or PDCs are upper permanent canines, commonly known as 'eye' teeth, that are displaced in the roof of the mouth. This can leave unsightly gaps, cause damage to the surrounding roots (which can be so severe that neighbouring teeth are lost or have to be removed) and, occasionally, result in the development of cysts. PDCs are a frequent dental anomaly, present in 2% to 3% of young people.

Orthodontic Camouflage Treatment of Class II Division I Malocclusion in a Patient with Myotonic Dystropy.

Case report of a patient with Class II division I malocclusion, increased overjet and reduced overbite treated with combination of functional and fixed appliance is presented. Medically she suffered from myotonic dystrophy. Rationale for the treatment plan and effect of myotonic dystrophy on treatment outcome are discussed.

Extraction of primary (baby) teeth for unerupted palatally displaced permanent canine teeth in children.

Background: The permanent canine tooth in the maxillary (upper) jaw sometimes does not erupt into the mouth correctly. In about 1% to 3% of the population these teeth will be diverted into the roof of the mouth (palatally). It has been suggested that if the primary canine is removed at the right time this palatal eruption might be avoided.

Review of the carriage of zoonotic bacteria by arthropods, with special reference to Salmonella in mites, flies and litter beetles.

This systematic review considers the relationship between arthropods commonly found in and around livestock premises and zoonotic bacteria. The principal focus is upon insects and arachnids on poultry units, where houses, litter and manure provide good conditions for the growth, multiplication and protection of flies, beetles and mites, and where zoonotic pathogens such as Salmonella and Campylobacter are prevalent. Other members of the Enterobacteriaceae and the taxa Clostridium, Helicobacter, Erysipelas and Chlamydiaceae are also discussed.

Extraction of primary (baby) teeth for unerupted palatally displaced permanent canine teeth in children.

Background: The permanent canine tooth in the upper (maxillary) jaw sometimes does not erupt into the mouth correctly. In about 1% to 3% of the population these teeth will be diverted into the roof of the mouth (palatally). It has been suggested that if the deciduous canine is removed at the right time this palatal eruption might be avoided.

Bond failure of gingivally offset mandibular premolar brackets: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Introduction: The purpose of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to examine the clinical bond failure rate of gingivally offset mandibular premolar brackets and compare it with that of standard mandibular premolar brackets.

Methods: Eighty-three patients were enrolled in this trial. A total of 240 brackets--120 standard and 120 offset--were bonded in a split-mouth design.

Open versus closed surgical exposure of canine teeth that are displaced in the roof of the mouth.

Background: Palatal canines are upper permanent canine (eye) teeth that have become displaced in the roof of the mouth. They are a frequently occurring anomaly, present in 2% to 3% of the population. Management of this problem is both time consuming and expensive and involves surgical exposure (uncovering) followed by fixed braces for 2 to 3 years to bring the canine into alignment within the dental arch.

Rapid method for the detection of storage mites in cereals: feasibility of an ELISA based approach.

This paper describes the development of rapid immunodiagnostic tests for the detection of storage mite infestations in cereals and cereal products. The study's first phase (proof of concept) involved the production of a species-specific enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) for the flour mite, Acarus siro (L.), a major pest of stored commodities.

Maintaining Psoroptes ovis (Acari: Psoroptidae) off-host in the laboratory.

Feeding and maintaining sheep scab mites off-host is an important step towards achieving a safer, environmentally-friendly means of controlling sheep scab disease. The test arena developed by Thind and Muggleton (Exp Appl Acarol 22:543-552, 1998) has been adapted for feeding and maintaining Psoroptes ovis off-host. The test arenas are simple to construct and use, and escape-proof to all stages of mites.

Control of the sheep scab mite Psoroptes ovis in vivo and in vitro using fungal pathogens.

As part of a research programme designed to identify biological agents for the control of sheep scab, the pathogenicity of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae to Psoroptes mites in the presence of sheepskin and wool was examined in the laboratory. No inhibitory effects of skin and wool were observed and high levels of infection were recorded. Subsequently the pathogenicity of formulations of both M.

Assessment of susceptibility of the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari: Dermanyssidae) to some acaricides using an adapted filter paper based bioassay.

A previously described bioassay was modified to assess the response of the poultry red mite, an important ectoparasite of fowl, to a selected group of acaricides. The adapted bioassay is simple to use, escape-proof and provides data that can be subjected to probit analysis. The reproducibility of the method was assessed by three tests with alpha-cypermethrin against a reference strain, which produced dose-response lines that did not differ significantly (chi(2)=1.

Laboratory studies on the use of two new arenas to evaluate the impact of the predatory mites Blattisocius tarsalis and Cheyletus eruditus on residual populations of the stored product mite Acarus siro.

Residual populations of storage mites sheltering in crevices and cracks escape conventional control treatments and are implicated in the infestation of newly harvested grain. In a series of 24 h laboratory tests, the performance of solitary adults of two predatory mite species, Cheyletus eruditus (Schrank) and Blattisocius tarsalis (Berlese), were assessed for controlling small numbers of the flour mite Acarus siro (L.).

A comparison of tungsten-quartz-halogen, plasma arc and light-emitting diode light sources for the polymerization of an orthodontic adhesive.

This study investigated whether there were differences between the debond stress and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of an adhesive cured with three different orthodontic light sources. Sixty sound premolar teeth were divided into three groups of 20. A standard pre-adjusted edgewise premolar bracket (Victory Series) was bonded to each tooth using a light-cured orthodontic adhesive, Transbond X.

Assessment of monitoring methods for early detection of three species of storage mite in bulk oilseed rape.

Two types of trap, the BT Trap and PC(TM) pitfall cone trap, were evaluated against the most widely used method of sampling and sieving for their ability to detect low numbers of storage mites (Acarus siro, Tyrophagus longior and Lepidoglyphus destructor) in bulk oilseed rape, under UK maritime conditions. In addition, a synthetic lure (2-nonanone) was incorporated into the two types of trap to assess whether its presence improved trapping performance. The BT traps and PC traps were significantly more effective in detecting low numbers of mites of all species compared with sampling and sieving.

Changes in the soft tissue facial profile following orthodontic extractions: a geometric morphometric study.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to test the null hypothesis that changes in soft tissue facial profile in children who undergo orthodontic treatment, using either an extraction or non-extraction technique, do not differ.

Design: Longitudinal, retrospective.

Setting And Sample Population: San Juan, PR and Aberdeen, UK.

Management of hypodontia: restorative considerations. Part III.

This paper, the third in the series, initially details the role of the restorative dentist in treating patients with hypodontia. (See Quintessence Int 2005;36:263-270 and 345-353 for the first two papers.) A range of treatment options, including implants, adhesive techniques, and removable prostheses, are covered.