Cardiometabolic Benefit of Replacing Sedentary Time with Light-Intensity Physical Activity: Compositional Data Analysis of the Nijmegen Exercise Study.

Purpose: The cardiometabolic benefits of replacing sedentary time with light-intensity physical activity (LIPA) are unclear. We studied the associations of hypothetically reallocating sedentary time towards LIPA with changes in cardiometabolic risk factors using thigh-worn accelerometery. We also explored whether reallocation effects differed across subgroups with low, moderate, and high sedentary time and compared proportionally similar reallocations to either LIPA or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).

Dietary protein intake, protein sources & distribution patterns in community-dwelling older adults: A harmonized analysis of eight studies.

Objectives: Sufficient protein intake is important for older adults to prevent sarcopenia. Better insight into dietary characteristics may be helpful to improve daily protein intake. Therefore, this study aimed to compare characteristics of community-dwelling older adults with distinct amounts of daily protein intake.

Clinical Considerations for Competitive Sports Participation for Athletes With Cardiovascular Abnormalities: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology.

This American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology scientific statement on clinical considerations for competitive sports participation for athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities or diseases is organized into 11 distinct sections focused on sports-specific topics or disease processes that are relevant when considering the potential risks of adverse cardiovascular events, including sudden cardiac arrest, during competitive sports participation. Task forces comprising international experts in sports cardiology and the respective topics covered were assigned to each section and prepared specific clinical considerations tables for practitioners to reference. Comprehensive literature review and an emphasis on shared decision-making were integral in the writing of all clinical considerations presented.

Exercise-Induce Changes in Hemodynamics, Hormones, Electrolytes and Inflammatory Markers in Veteran Athletes with and without Coronary Atherosclerosis.

Aims: Middle-aged and older male athletes have more coronary atherosclerosis than less active peers. We aimed to explore mechanisms that can contribute to this accelerated coronary atherosclerosis by comparing exercise-induced changes in hemodynamic factors, circulating hormones, electrolytes, and inflammatory markers across athletes with and without coronary atherosclerosis.

Methods: 59 male athletes recruited from the MARC-2 study were stratified as controls (coronary artery calcium score (CACS) = 0, n = 20), high CACS (≥300 Agatston Units or ≥ 75th MESA percentile, n = 20) or significant stenosis (≥50% in any coronary artery, n = 19).

Longitudinal cardiac imaging for assessment of myocardial injury in non-hospitalised community-dwelling individuals after COVID-19 infection: the Rotterdam Study.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the presence of myocardial injury after COVID-19 infection and to evaluate the relation between persistent cardiac symptoms after COVID-19 and myocardial function in participants with known cardiovascular health status before infection.

Methods: In the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study cohort, echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) were performed among participants who recovered from COVID-19 at home within 2 years prior to inclusion in the current study. Persistent cardiac symptoms comprised only self-reported symptoms of chest pain, dyspnoea or palpitations lasting >4 weeks after COVID-19 infection.

Exercise type and settings, quality of life, and mental health in coronary artery disease: a network meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Individuals with coronary artery disease have poorer mental health, health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), and cognition compared with (age-matched) controls. Exercise training may attenuate these effects. The aim is to systematically review and meta-analyse the effects of different exercise types and settings on brain structure/function, cognition, HR-QoL, mental health (e.

Coronary atherosclerosis in athletes: emerging concepts and preventive strategies.

There should be no assumption that an athlete is immune to coronary artery disease (CAD), even when traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors appear well-managed. Excelling in certain aspects of health does not equate to total CV protection. Recent data from cardiac imaging studies have raised the possibility that long-term, high-volume, high-intensity endurance exercise is associated with coronary atherosclerosis.

Predictors of coronary atherosclerosis in middle-aged and older athletes: the MARC-2 study.

Aims: Exercise improves cardiovascular health, but high-volume high-intensity exercise is associated with increased coronary artery calcification (CAC). We aimed to identify predictors of CAC in athletes.

Methods And Results: We assessed the association of traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors with CAC using linear and logistic regression.

Device-Measured 24-Hour Movement Behaviors and Blood Pressure: A 6-Part Compositional Individual Participant Data Analysis in the ProPASS Consortium.

Background: Blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects of structured exercise are well-established. Effects of 24-hour movement behaviors captured in free-living settings have received less attention. This cross-sectional study investigated associations between a 24-hour behavior composition comprising 6 parts (sleeping, sedentary behavior, standing, slow walking, fast walking, and combined exercise-like activity [eg, running and cycling]) and systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP).

Association of Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior With Arterial Stiffness: Findings From the Nijmegen Exercise Study.

Sedentary behavior (SB) may affect arterial stiffness, preceding the development of cardiovascular disease. We investigated the association of objectively measured SB with arterial stiffness. We also investigated factors that affected this association.

Validity of the estimated core temperature algorithm during real-world prolonged walking exercise under warm ambient conditions.

Background: Non-invasive methods to estimate core body temperature (T) are increasingly available. We examined the group-level and individual participant-level validity of the Estimated Core Temperature (ECTemp™) algorithm to estimate T based on sequential heart rate (HR) measurements during real-world prolonged walking exercise in warm ambient conditions.

Methods: Participants walked 30 (n = 3), 40 (n = 13) or 50 (n = 2) km on a self-selected pace during which T was measured every minute using an ingestible temperature capsule.

Daily supplementation of lesser mealworm protein for 11-weeks increases skeletal muscle mass in physically active older adults.

Background: Adequate protein intake is important to maintain skeletal muscle mass in older adults and to prevent sarcopenia. Insect-based supplements were recently introduced to the market as an environmentally friendly protein alternative. We examined the effect of daily supplementation of lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) protein for 11 consecutive weeks on muscle mass and muscle strength in older adults.

Protein Supplement Tolerability and Patient Satisfaction after Bariatric Surgery.

Purpose: Disproportional fat-free mass loss often occurs post-bariatric surgery, partly due to insufficient protein intake during the post-surgery recovery phase. We compared five protein-enhancing strategies (PES) on patient tolerability, satisfaction and protein intake.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-four participants, scheduled for bariatric surgery, were enrolled and allocated to either of the following: (1) whey powder, (2) hydrolysed collagen powder, (3) plant-based powder, (4) protein-rich products, (5) protein gel, or control.

Comparison of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Variables to Predict Adverse Events in Patients with Heart Failure.

Purpose: Given the rising burden of heart failure (HF), stratification of patients at increased risk for adverse events is critical. We aimed to compare the predictive value of various maximal and submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) variables for adverse events in patients with HF.

Methods: A total of 237 patients with HF (66 (58-73) yr, 30% women, 70% HF with reduced ejection fraction) completed a CPET and had 5 yr of follow-up.

A cardiac-rehab behaviour intervention to reduce sedentary time in coronary artery disease patients: the SIT LESS randomized controlled trial.

Background: High sedentary times (ST) is highly prevalent in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), highlighting the need for behavioural change interventions that effectively reduce ST. We examined the immediate and medium-term effect of the SIT LESS intervention on changes in ST among CAD patients enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation (CR).

Methods: CAD patients participating in CR at 2 regional hospitals were included in this randomized controlled trial (1:1, stratified for gender and hospital).

Sport PRactice and its Effects on aortic size and valve function in bicuspid Aortic valve Disease: a cross-sectional report from the SPREAD study.

Objective: Concerns exist about the possible detrimental effects of exercise training on aortic size and valve function in individuals with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). This multicentre international study aimed to determine the characteristics of aortic size and valve function in athletes versus non-athletes with BAV and athletes with tricuspid aortic valve (TAV).

Methods: We enrolled competitive athletes with BAV and age- and sex-matched athletes with TAV and non-athletes with BAV.

Impact of Hypertension on the Dose-Response Association Between Physical Activity and Stroke: A Cohort Study.

Background: Regular physical activity is associated with a reduced stroke risk. However, this relationship might be attenuated in the presence of hypertension and antihypertensive medication use. We examined the dose-response relationship between physical activity and stroke in normotensive and hypertensive individuals.

Cardiac troponin concentrations following exercise and the association with cardiovascular disease and outcomes: rationale and design of the prospective TREAT cohort study.

Exercise can produce transient elevations of cardiac troponin (cTn) concentrations, which may resemble the cTn release profile of myocardial infarction. Consequently, clinical interpretation of postexercise cTn elevations (ie, values above the 99th percentile upper reference limit) remains challenging and may cause clinical confusion. Therefore, insight into the physiological versus pathological nature of postexercise cTn concentrations is warranted.

The relationship between workload and exercise-induced cardiac troponin elevations is influenced by non-obstructive coronary atherosclerosis.

The relationship between exercise-induced troponin elevation and non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) is unclear. This observational study assessed non-obstructive CAD's impact on exercise-induced cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) elevation in middle-aged recreational athletes. cTnI levels of 40 well-trained recreational athletes (73% males, 50 ± 9 years old) were assessed by a high-sensitive cTnI assay 24 h before, and at 3 and 24 h following two high-intensity exercises of different durations; a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), and a 91-km mountain bike race.