Environmental Hot Spots and Resistance-Associated Application Practices for Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus, Denmark, 2020-2023.

Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus (ARAf) fungi have been found inconsistently in the environment in Denmark since 2010. During 2018-2020, nationwide surveillance of clinical A. fumigatus fungi reported environmental TR/L98H or TR/Y121F/T289A resistance mutations in 3.

Fungicide sensitivity levels in the Lithuanian population in 2021.

causes the disease known as septoria leaf blotch in winter wheat and is a major factor in yield loss worldwide. Farmers are inclined to use fungicides to protect their crops; however, the efficacy of these measures is rapidly decreasing due to the natural mechanisms of mutation emergence in pathogen populations. Increasing fungicide resistance is being recorded worldwide, therefore, screening of the current situation in Lithuania is essential to determine the subsequent steps of crop protection strategies.

Shifting sensitivity of septoria tritici blotch compromises field performance and yield of main fungicides in Europe.

Septoria tritici blotch (STB; ) is a severe leaf disease on wheat in Northern Europe. Fungicide resistance in the populations of is increasingly challenging future control options. Twenty-five field trials were carried out in nine countries across Europe from 2019 to 2021 to investigate the efficacy of specific DMI and SDHI fungicides against STB.

The clubroot pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae: A profile update.

Background: Plasmodiophora brassicae is the causal agent of clubroot disease of cruciferous plants and one of the biggest threats to the rapeseed (Brassica napus) and brassica vegetable industry worldwide.

Disease Symptoms: In the advanced stages of clubroot disease wilting, stunting, yellowing, and redness are visible in the shoots. However, the typical symptoms of the disease are the presence of club-shaped galls in the roots of susceptible hosts that block the absorption of water and nutrients.

Baseline sensitivity of European Zymoseptoria tritici populations to the complex III respiration inhibitor fenpicoxamid.

Background: Fenpicoxamid is a recently developed fungicide belonging to the quinone inside inhibitor (QiI) group. This is the first fungicide within this group to be active against the Zymoseptoria tritici, which causes Septoria tritici blotch on wheat. The occurrence of pre-existing resistance mechanisms was monitored, using sensitivity assays and Illumina sequencing, in Z.

Seedborne Can Initiate Cercospora Leaf Spot from Sugar Beet () Fruit Tissue.

Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) is a globally important disease of sugar beet () caused by the fungus . Long-distance movement of has been indirectly evidenced in recent population genetic studies, suggesting potential dispersal via seed. Commercial sugar beet "seed" consists of the reproductive fruit (true seed surrounded by maternal pericarp tissue) coated in artificial pellet material.

Azole Use in Agriculture, Horticulture, and Wood Preservation - Is It Indispensable?

Plant pathogens cause significant damage to plant products, compromising both quantities and quality. Even though many elements of agricultural practices are an integral part of reducing disease attacks, modern agriculture is still highly reliant on fungicides to guarantee high yields and product quality. The azoles, 14-alpha demethylase inhibitors, have been the fungicide class used most widely to control fungal plant diseases for more than four decades.

Spatio-temporal distribution of DMI and SDHI fungicide resistance of Zymoseptoria tritici throughout Europe based on frequencies of key target-site alterations.

Background: Over the past decade, demethylation inhibitor (DMI) and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides have been extensively used to control to septoria tritici blotch, caused by Zymoseptoria tritici on wheat. This has led to the development and selection of alterations in the target-site enzymes (CYP51 and SDH, respectively).

Results: Taking advantage of newly and previously developed qPCR assays, the frequency of key alterations associated with DMI (CYP51-S524T) and SDHI (SDHC-T79N/I, C-N86S and C-H152R) resistance was assessed in Z.

Development of a PacBio Long-Read Sequencing Assay for High Throughput Detection of Fungicide Resistance in .

Fungicide resistance has become a challenging problem in management of Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by , the most destructive disease of winter wheat throughout western and northern Europe. To ensure the continued effectiveness of those fungicides currently used, it is essential to monitor the development and spread of such resistance in field populations of the pathogen. Since resistance to the key families of fungicides used for STB control (demethyalation inhibitors or azoles, succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors or SDHIs and Quinone outside Inhibitors or QoIs) is conferred through target-site mutations, the potential exists to monitor resistance through the molecular detection of alterations in the target site genes.

Changes in DMI, SDHI, and QoI Fungicide Sensitivity in the Estonian Population between 2019 and 2020.

() populations adapt under the selection pressure of fungicides applied for disease control. The primary objective of this study was to assess fungicide sensitivity in the Estonian population. A total of 282 isolates from 2019 and 2020 were tested for sensitivity to azoles (DMIs; prothioconazole-desthio, epoxiconazole, mefentrifluconazole) and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs; boscalid, fluxapyroxad).