Exploring Prescription Practices: Insights from an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program at a Tertiary Healthcare Facility, Rwanda.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health threat linked to increased morbidity and mortality. It has the potential to return us to the pre-antibiotic era. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs are recognized as a key intervention to improve antimicrobial use and combat AMR.

An Assessment of the Knowledge and Perceptions of Precision Medicine (PM) in the Rwandan Healthcare Setting.

Introduction: Precision medicine (PM) or personalized medicine is an innovative approach that aims to tailor disease prevention and treatment to consider the differences in people's genes, environments, and lifestyles. Although many efforts have been made to accelerate the universal adoption of PM, several challenges need to be addressed in order to advance PM in Africa. Therefore, our study aimed to establish baseline data on the knowledge and perceptions of the implementation of PM in the Rwandan healthcare setting.

Trends of Molecular Testing for Lung Cancer at the King Faisal Hospital, Kigali: Therapeutic and Survival Implications.

Introduction: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, both in high and low resource settings. Knowledge has been generated elsewhere regarding molecular subtyping and subsequent targeted therapy development, contributing substantially to patient survival. Little is known on the data around lung cancer and its treatment outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Diaphyseal giant cell tumor with multiple relapses in a skeletally immature patient: a case report.

Giant cell tumor (GCT) is an aggressive osteolytic lesion mostly affecting the meta-epiphyses of long bones at skeletal maturity. Occurrence of the GCT in diaphysis is a rare entity in adult and exceptionally rare in pediatric population. This is the only third diaphyseal case reported in pediatric population.

Pathology Characteristics of Lymphomas in Rwanda: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Lymphomas have been a global challenge for many decades and despite measures for prevention and management, the incidence continues to increase. There are two main categories, which are Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas and Hodgkin's Lymphomas and most common etiologies are environmental, genetic alteration, radiation and some viruses.

Objective: To describe pathology characteristics of lymphomas in Rwanda based on Hematoxylin and Eosin stained glass slides and immuno histo chemistry, and classify them according to clinical aggressiveness.

Utility of p16INK4a expression for the interpretation of uterine cervical biopsies in Kenya.

Introduction: histologic interpretation of hematoxylin and eosin-stained cervical biopsies is subject to substantial discordance among pathologists. Immunohistochemical staining for p16INK4a can reduce inter-observer disagreement. We did a cross-sectional study to evaluate the utility of p16INK4a staining in the assessment of cervical biopsies in Nairobi, Kenya.

Highly successful treatment outcome of multidrug-resistant and genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Rwanda.

Objective: To determine prevalent MDR-TB genotypes and describe treatment outcome and bacteriology conversion in MDR-TB patients.

Methods: Review of laboratory records of 173 MDR-TB patients from all over Rwanda who initiated treatment under programmatic management of MDR-TB (PMDT) between 2014 and 2015. Fifty available archived isolates were genotyped by mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units - variable number of tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR) genotyping.

Incidence, root causes, and outcomes of surgical site infections in a tertiary care hospital in Rwanda: a prospective observational cohort study.

Background: Surgical Site Infections (SSI) are the most reported health acquired infection and common surgical complication in both developed and developing countries. In developing countries such as Rwanda, there is a paucity of published reports on the pattern of SSI, therefore this study aimed at assessing the incidence, risk factors and the antibiotic profile of pathogens responsible of SSI.

Methods: This prospective study included 294 patients admitted between October 10, 2017 and February 12, 2018 to the surgical department of the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali.