Incidence and Treatment of Arginine Vasopressin Deficiency (Central Diabetes Insipidus) in the Setting of Brain Death and Associations with Renal Function and Hemodynamics in Organ Donors.

: Arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D) is a common condition in the setting of brain death. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of AVP-D in organ donors, its treatment, as well as the impact of AVP-D on hemodynamics and renal function. : This single-center, retrospective study included 63 organ donors treated between 2017 and 2022.

Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19.

Background: Remdesivir is an antiviral medicine approved for the treatment of mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This led to widespread implementation, although the available evidence remains inconsistent. This update aims to fill current knowledge gaps by identifying, describing, evaluating, and synthesising all evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of remdesivir on clinical outcomes in COVID-19.

Early spontaneous breathing for acute respiratory distress syndrome in individuals with COVID-19.

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents the most severe course of COVID-19 (caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus), usually resulting in a prolonged stay in an intensive care unit (ICU) and high mortality rates. Despite the fact that most affected individuals need invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), evidence on specific ventilation strategies for ARDS caused by COVID-19 is scarce. Spontaneous breathing during IMV is part of a therapeutic concept comprising light levels of sedation and the avoidance of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA).

Janus kinase inhibitors for the treatment of COVID-19.

Background: With potential antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors represent a potential treatment for symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. They may modulate the exuberant immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, a direct antiviral effect has been described.

Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19.

Background: Remdesivir is an antiviral medicine with properties to inhibit viral replication of SARS-CoV-2. Positive results from early studies attracted media attention and led to emergency use authorisation of remdesivir in COVID-19.  A thorough understanding of the current evidence regarding the effects of remdesivir as a treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection based on randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is required.

Non-medical risk factors associated with postponing elective surgery: a prospective observational study.

Background: Operation room (OR) planning is a complex process, especially in large hospitals with high rates of unplanned emergency procedures. Postponing elective surgery in order to provide capacity for emergency operations is inevitable at times. Elderly patients, residents of nursing homes, women, patients with low socioeconomic status and ethnic minorities are at risk for undertreatment in other contexts, as suggested by reports in the medical literature.

Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumour of Infancy: Clinical Courses and Therapeutic Options-A Review of Three Cases.

Background: Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy (MNTI) is a rare benign neoplasm. MNTI appears most often during the first year of life, arises predominantly in the maxilla and tends to recur. We discuss possible therapeutic options given in the literature and within our experience in three cases.

Learning Together: Interprofessional Education at the University of New England.

Context: Patient care delivered by well-functioning teams provides integrated and cohesive responses to the patients' needs and is considered more effective than care delivered by independent health professionals. The University of New England (UNE) College of Osteopathic Medicine integrates interprofessional education (IPE) curriculum into each year of its program. The UNE Center for Excellence in Collaborative Education coordinates strategically planned interprofessional learning opportunities.

High molecular weight PEGylation of human pancreatic polypeptide at position 22 improves stability and reduces food intake in mice.

Background And Purpose: Human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) is known to suppress appetite and food intake, thereby representing a potential therapeutic approach against obesity and associated metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to improve hPP stability by covalent PEGylation with diverse molecular weight polyethylene glycols (PEGs) at two positions using promising lead structures while maintaining target activity.

Experimental Approach: Modified peptides were synthesized by combined solid-phase and solution-phase peptide synthesis.

Pancreatic polypeptide and its central Y4 receptors are essential for cued fear extinction and permanent suppression of fear.

Background And Purpose: Avoiding danger and finding food are closely related behaviours that are essential for surviving in a natural environment. Growing evidence supports an important role of gut-brain peptides in modulating energy homeostasis and emotional-affective behaviour. For instance, postprandial release of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) reduced food intake and altered stress-induced motor activity and anxiety by activating central Y4 receptors.

[Orofacial pain - Trigeminal neuralgia and posttraumatic trigeminal neuropathy: Common features and differences].

Neuropathic pain is the result of a lesion or disease of the somatosensory system in the peripheral or central nervous system. Classical trigeminal neuralgia and posttraumatic trigeminal neuropathy are pain disorders which oral and maxillofacial surgeons and dentists are confronted with in the differential diagnostics in routine daily practice. The etiopathogenesis of classical trigeminal neuralgia is attributable to pathological blood vessel-nerve contact in the trigeminal nerve root entry zone to the brain stem.

Asymmetry in patient-related information disrupts pre-anesthetic patient briefing.

Background: If one party has more or better information than the other, an information asymmetry can be assumed. The aim of the study was to identify the origin of incomplete patient-related preoperative information, which led to disruptions and losses of time during pre-anaesthetic patient briefing. We hypothesized that lower employees' educational level increases the amount of disruptive factors.

Do variations in the 5-HT3A and 5-HT3B serotonin receptor genes (HTR3A and HTR3B) influence the occurrence of postoperative vomiting?

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting are unpleasant side effects of general anesthesia. Besides known risk factors (female gender, nonsmoker, history, and opioids), a genetic influence of the serotonin receptor system on the development of nausea and vomiting has repeatedly been proposed. In this pilot study, we therefore investigated the genes of the serotonin receptor subunits A and B (HTR3A and HTR3B) for genetic variants.

Effects of clonidine and superficial cervical plexus block on hemodynamic stability after carotid endarterectomy.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of 2 interventions (intravenous clonidine and superficial cervical block) on hemodynamic stability after carotid endarterectomy and to identify variables associated with hemodynamic instability.

Design: Prospective, observational study, sequential enrollment.

Setting: University hospital.

Snoring in cleft patients with velopharyngoplasty.

Some patients with cleft lip/palate or isolated cleft palate seem to develop snoring as one possible symptom of an obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome after velopharyngoplasty (VPP). The aim of this paper was to determine whether there was a difference in the posterior airway space (PAS) between patients with a VPP who snored and those who did not. Four standard parameters were measured in lateral cephalograms of 20 patients with cleft lip/palate and isolated cleft palate, without diagnosis of further syndromes (e.

[Pierre Robin sequence: postoperative complications following cleft palate surgery. A retrospective study covering 25 years].

Background: In a 25-year retrospective review of 1976-2000, the postoperative course after cleft palate surgery and pharyngeal flap surgery in 87 children with Pierre Robin sequence was studied.

Patients And Methods: The study comprised 114 interventions with 87 primary palatoplasties; 17 patients required palatal fistulae repair and 10 children were treated with secondary pharyngoplasty procedures. All children were divided into three postnatal risk groups according to the severity of their symptoms at birth and in the course of the early months of life.

[Experiences with surgical management of facial basal cell carcinoma and procedures for plastic reconstruction].

Background: No recurrences and optimal aesthetic outcomes after R0 resection and plastic reconstruction of the face are the goals in the surgical treatment of basal cell carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate recurrence rates and to evaluate different reconstructive techniques.

Patients And Methods: This study included 205 follow-up patients undergoing R0 resection of primary basal cell carcinoma and facial skin reconstruction between 1998 and 2002; data were analyzed retrospectively.

[Iatrogenic injuries of the trachea].

As a basis for quality assurance measures, we analysed over a period of three years all iatrogenic tracheobronchial injuries that had to be repaired operatively at a university hospital. Twelve patients were affected. In most of these cases, the injuries were the result of an intubation during resuscitation attempts prior to or after admission to hospital (6 patients; 4 of them died later).

[Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy].

Background: The melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy is a rare and so far as being classified neoplasm with a high rate of recurrence for one year after diagnosis. Since Krompecher described 1918 the tumor at first, only about 200 cases are reported until today, mostly with manifestation in the maxillary region.

Case-reports: The authors present two infants at the age of six and eight weeks with first clinical manifestation of the tumor in the maxillary region.

[Associated anomalies in lip-maxillopalatal clefts].

Background: Retrospective studies of cleft lip and palate patients suggest a multifactorial aetiology for this condition. Many patients exhibit multiple defects, often removed from the orofacial region. The frequency and location of such coexistent abnormalities vary between studies.

[The effects of perioperative continuous administration of mivazerol on early postoperative hemodynamics and plasma catecholamines after major surgery].

Objective: During and after surgical procedures a strong activation of the sympatho-adrenergic system is common with correlation to adverse cardiac outcome. Several drugs (alpha 2-adrenoceptor-agonists, beta blockers) are discussed to prevent this reaction. The new alpha 2-adrenoceptor-agonist mivazerol with marked specificity for alpha 2-adrenergic receptors may be suitable for this indication.

[Premedication in maxillofacial surgery under total intravenous anesthesia . Effects of clonidine compared to midazolam on the perioperative course].

Objective: The effects of the currently favoured preanaesthetic drugs (benzodiazepines, alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists) on the perioperative course are inadequately investigated for new ways of performing anaesthesia with recently introduced drugs (e.g. remifentanil).

[Clinical manifestations of CHARGE association in the area of the mouth, jaw and face].

Clinical experience of 11 patients with CHARGE association is reviewed. The study comprised six girls and five boys. All presented with congenital heart disease.

[Clonidine within the scope of balanced inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane--effects on pEEG parameters].

The anaesthetic-saving property of clonidine has often been reported. In our own prospective, randomized study, in which the depth of anaesthesia was controlled by using spectral edge frequency (target-SEF90 = 10 Hz) and clinical parameters, we confirmed the anaesthetic-saving property only for fentanyl (-20%). On the other hand, there was no difference in MAC-sevoflurane values between the groups in keeping a steady target-SEF.