Upper-extremity emboli secondary to axillofemoral graft thrombosis.

Four episodes of upper-extremity arterial emboli following axillofemoral bypass graft thrombosis are described. The source of the embolus was the blind stump of the proximal portion of the graft limb that remained patent after graft occlusion. With axillofemoral graft thrombosis, management requires treatment of the lower-limb ischemia and an awareness of the embolic potential of the acutely thrombotic graft limb.

Indium-111 platelet imaging for detection of platelet deposition in abdominal aneurysms and prosthetic arterial grafts.

Thirty-four platelet imaging studies were performed in 23 patients to determine whether platelet deposition could be detected in patients with vascular aneurysms (18 patients) or in patients in whom Dacron prosthetic grafts had been place (5 patients). In patients in whom abnormal platelet deposition was detected, the effect of administration of platelet-active drugs on platelet deposition was examined. Of the 18 patients with an aneurysm, 12 had positive studies on initial imaging and 2 had equivocally positive images.

Limb hemodynamics after aortic aneurysm resection.

Preoperative ankle/arm indices were determined in 104 lower extremities from 53 patients who underwent prosthetic graft placement for abdominal aortic aneurysms. Sixty-nine percent of the limbs (group 1) had a normal index; 31% of the limbs (group 2) had indices indicative of arterial occlusive disease. Early postoperative ankle/arm indices were determined in 87 limbs (57 in group 1 and 30 in group 2).

Aortic and lower extremity arterial aneurysms.

A sonographic survey of 100 patients with suspected abdominal aortic, femoral, or popliteal arterial aneurysms was conducted over a period of 2 yr. Patients referred for suspected abdominal aortic aneurysms had a low incidence of associated lower extremity arterial aneurysms. Those patients referred for possible femoral or popliteal artery aneurysms frequently had multiple other peripheral arterial aneurysms.

Isolation and characterization of human liver mRNA.

Poly(A)-RNA isolated from human liver shows a predominant size in the 18 S region. It can be translated into a broad range of proteins up to molecular weights of more than 100 000 with predominant translation products in the 45 000-55 000 region. Full length cDNA has been transcribed and used for a complexity analysis of this mRNA giving a total sequence complexity of about 7 000 different mRNA species.

Correlation of arteriographic findings and symptoms in cerebrovascular disease.

The arteriograms of 109 patients with symptomatic cerebral ischemia were analyzed to determine the distribution of extracranial and intracranial vascular abnormalities. In the 66 patients with transient hemispheric or ocular ischemia, potentially embolic lesions were more common than hemodynamically significant lesions (84% versus 50%). In the 29 patients with fixed neurologic deficits, 25% had occlusion of the internal carotid artery on the appropriate side; ulcerated lesions were again more common in the remaining patent arteries than were hemodynamically significant lesions.

Natural history of above- and below-knee femoropopliteal grafts.

Postoperative physiologic data were reviewed in 74 patients with 85 femoropopliteal bypass grafts. Documented progression of atherosclerosis occurred in the aortoiliac segment in 18 limbs and in the popliteal and tibioperoneal vessels in 14 limbs, although aortoiliac disease was more often responsible for graft failure. Grafts with good postoperative runoff as determined by hemodynamic measurements had a statistically significant higher patency rate than those with poor runoff.

Flow disturbances following carotid endarterectomy.

Noninvasive flow dynamics in 69 carotid arteries following endarterectomy were studied. By using three parameters which measure either changes in velocity or disturbed flow, 49 per cent of the arteries demonstrated flow abnormalities consistent with a 50 per cent, or greater, reduction in diameter in at least two of the three measured parameters. Of the 31 arteries which underwent more than one postoperative study, progression of the flow abnormality was suggested by changes in the velocity ratio in 20 arteries, maximum velocity in 15 arteries and the fractional broadening term in 25 arteries.

The influence of limb elevation, examination technique, and outflow system design on venous plethysmography.

The effect of limb elevation and the design of the thigh cuff outflow system on venous capacitance and venous outflow, as determined by strain gauge plethysmography, was reviewed in a group of normal limbs without evidence of deep venous thrombosis. We improved the reliability of plethysmography in evaluating venous outflow, particularly in the early period after cuff deflation, by using uniform leg elevation, large diameter outflow tubing, and single rather than simultaneous limb examinations. Based on this experience, an optimum technique of examination emphasizing precise limb elevation, sequential limb examination and proper design of the cuff outflow system was used to evaluate 21 patients with acute venous thrombosis.

Carotid artery velocity patterns in normal and stenotic vessels.

Duplex scanning provides real time B-mode images of the carotid bifurcation vessels along with a single gate pulsed Doppler flow velocity detector. By using the B-mode output of the duplex system to measure the Doppler angle and spectrum analysis to measure the frequency content of the Doppler signal, instantaneous flow velocity can be calculated. Mean velocity at peak systole was calculated retrospectively in 68 common (CCA) and internal (ICA) carotid arteries of 39 patients who had undergone prior angiography and prospectively in 30 arteries of 15 healthy young controls.

Breakdown of ribosomal RNA in rabbit reticulocytes.

To study the breakdown of the RNA of ribosomes, reticulocytes from anemic rabbits were incubated in a synthetic culture medium for several hours. Ribosomal RNA was isolated from ribosomal subunits by phenol/chloroform extraction and analyzed on nondenaturing and denaturing sucrose gradients. For comparison RNA from erythroid bone marrow cells and non-incubated reticulocytes were used.

Venous capacitance and outflow in the postoperative patient.

Venous capacitance and outflow were measured in a series of 50 unselected patients undergoing a variety of general surgical procedures. Studies done prior to operation and the morning after demonstrated a fall in capacitance and outflow that was related to the degree of ambulation. Fully ambulatory patients demonstrated no changes.

Detection of carotid occlusive disease by ultrasonic imaging and pulsed Doppler spectrum analysis.

Ultrasonic imaging of the cervical carotid arteries by ultrasonic arteriography and duplex scanning combined with pulsed Doppler spectrum analysis were investigated in a series of patients undergoing arteriography. By using the ultrasonic image as a guide for precise placement of the pulsed Doppler sample volume, the characteristics of blood flow at points of interest in the carotid arteries could be determined. Audible analysis of the Doppler signal permitted correct diagnosis of 23 of 26 (88%) high-grade stenoses or occlusions with ultrasonic arteriography and 24 of 26 (92%) with duplex scanning.

Synthesis of non-globin proteins in rabbit-erythroid cells. Synthesis of a lipoxygenase in reticulocytes.

Peripheral rabbit reticulocytes synthesize at least 30 non-globin proteins. One of them is identified as a characteristic lipoxygenase on the basis of its molecular weight, its immunological properties and its behaviour on an ion-exchange column. The enzyme is not produced in bone marrow cells.

[Benign surgical icterus (author's transl)].

Among 3192 operations on the gall bladder and biliary ducts clinically and chemically a benign icterus was found in 318 patients (9.9%) (maximal serum bilirubin values 21 mumol/l). 140 patients (44%) had a typical biliary history over many years, 173 patients (54%) had only cholelithiasis, 98 patients (30.

A prospective evaluation of oculoplethysmography and carotid phonoangiography.

With oculoplethysmography, conclusions are drawn regarding the state of internal carotid artery disease by measurements based upon pressure and flow in the eye, a location far removed from the site of the disease. Thus, many potential variables including ocular disease, vessel wall properties, intracranial atherosclerosis and collateral flow may affect the results. Although oculoplethysmography was quite accurate in detecting occlusion of the internal carotid artery, the identification of a high grade stenosis was much less precise.

Synthesis of carp proinsulin in Xenopus oocytes.

Total poly(A)-containing RNA from Brockmann boides of carp (Cyprinus carpio) directs the synthesis of authentic carp proinsulin in Xenopus oocytes. Neither preproinsulin nor further processing of the proinsulin to insulin can be detected in the oocytes.

[Number of spike-components contributing to the motor unit potential (author's transl)].

40 motor unit potentials recorded with concentric needle electrodes (Fig. 1) from the extensor digitorum communis muscle were analysed in order to find out the number of contributing muscle fibre action potentials. A "fractionation" of the motor unit potential was achieved by maintained voluntary activity under ischemic condition leading to a consecutive transmission block in the motor endplates within the active motor unit.

Pre-mRNA from erythroid enriched bone marrow cells of the rabbit. III. Poly(A)-, oligo(U)- and double stranded sequences.

Pre-mRNA from bone marrow of rabbits enriched in erythroid cells was analyzed by T1 and pancreatic RNase treatment and poly(U)- and poly(A)-Sepharose chromatography to contain poly(A)-, oligo(U)- and double stranded sequences. The length of the poly(A)- and oligo(U)-sequences was determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using poly(A)- and oligo(U)-standards of defined length. Poly(A) from poly(A)+pre-mRNA isolated according to the method of Holmes and Bonner shows a size distribution between 40 and 130 nucleotides with an average of 75 nucleotides.

Pre-mRNA from erythroid enriched bone marrow cells of the rabbit. II. Characterization of pre-mRNA isolated by phenol extraction and poly(U)-Sepharose chromatography.

Precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) was extracted from erythroid enriched bone marrow cells of the rabbit by the methods of Georgiev and Mantieva modified by Markov and Arion and of Holmes and Bonner, respectively. Density gradient centrifugation, base analysis and the effects of alpha-amanitin and actinomycin D on the synthesis of the cellular RNA showed signs of degradation in the rRNA-free 85 degrees C-fraction of the preparation according to Georgiev and Mantieva and a substantial rRNA contamination of the 65 degrees C-fraction. This RNA-fraction as well as the total RNA-preparation extracted according to Holmes and Bonner was purified from rRNA by affinity chromatography on poly(U)-Sepharose.

The structure of pre-messenger RNA and messenger RNA from erythroid cells.

Pre-mRNA fractions (greater than 45 S) were characterized by electron microscopy. High salt concentrations (0.2 M ammonium acetate, pH 8) yield linear molecules of different length (0.

Globin mRNA contains a sequence complementary to double-stranded region of nuclear pre-mRNA.

Melted ds RNA isolated from rabbit bone marrow pre-mRNA was hybridized with excess of globin mRNA which was prepared from rabbit reticulocytes. 7-9% of ds sequences became RNAase-stable and about 30% of the sequences could be bound to poly(U)-Sepharose through poly (A) of mRNA. The size of RNAase-stable hybrid is about 30 nucleotides, that is one fourth of the length of one strand of the ds RNA.