Linking migration and microbiota at a major stopover site in a long-distance avian migrant.

Migration is one of the most physical and energetically demanding periods in an individual bird's life. The composition of the bird's gut or cloacal microbiota can temporarily change during migration, likely due to differences in diets, habitats and other environmental conditions experienced en route. However, how physiological condition, migratory patterns, and other drivers interact to affect microbiota composition of migratory birds is still unclear.

First detection of avian influenza subtype H4N6 in Israel in a wild mallard (Anas platyrhynchos).

Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are a worldwide threat to animal and human health. As wild waterfowl circulate and spread these viruses around the world, investigations of AIV prevalence in wild populations are critical for understanding pathogen transmission, as well as predicting disease outbreaks in domestic animals and humans. Surveillance efforts in this study have isolated H4N6 for the first time in Israel from a faecal sample of a wild mallard (Anas platyrhynchos).

Relationship Between Disease Characteristics and Oral Radiologic Findings in Systemic Sclerosis: Results From a Canadian Oral Health Study.

Objective: Systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma) is associated with a wide periodontal ligament (PDL) and mandibular erosions. We investigated the clinical correlates of SSc with these radiologic abnormalities.

Methods: Subjects from the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group cohort underwent detailed radiologic examinations.

Effectiveness of Manual Therapy and Therapeutic Exercise for Temporomandibular Disorders: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Manual therapy (MT) and exercise have been extensively used to treat people with musculoskeletal conditions such as temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The evidence regarding their effectiveness provided by early systematic reviews is outdated.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to summarize evidence from and evaluate the methodological quality of randomized controlled trials that examined the effectiveness of MT and therapeutic exercise interventions compared with other active interventions or standard care for treatment of TMD.

The Canadian Systemic Sclerosis Oral Health Study IV: oral radiographic manifestations in systemic sclerosis compared with the general population.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare oral radiologic abnormalities associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc) against abnormalities in the general population.

Study Design: Patients with SSc and healthy controls were enrolled in a multi-site cross-sectional study. Included in the radiology examination were a panoramic radiograph, four bitewings, and an anterior mandibular periapical radiograph.

Relationship between disease characteristics and orofacial manifestations in systemic sclerosis: Canadian Systemic Sclerosis Oral Health Study III.

Objective: Systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma) is associated with decreased saliva production and interincisal distance, more missing teeth, and periodontal disease. We undertook this study to determine the clinical correlates of SSc with these oral abnormalities.

Methods: Subjects were recruited from the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group cohort.

The Canadian systemic sclerosis oral health study II: the relationship between oral and global health-related quality of life in systemic sclerosis.

Objective: Both oral and global health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are markedly impaired in SSc. In this study we aimed to determine the degree of association between oral HRQoL and global HRQoL in SSc.

Methods: Subjects were recruited from the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group registry.

The Canadian systemic sclerosis oral health study: orofacial manifestations and oral health-related quality of life in systemic sclerosis compared with the general population.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare oral abnormalities and oral health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with SSc with the general population.

Methods: SSc patients and healthy controls were enrolled in a multisite cross-sectional study. A standardized oral examination was performed.

Morphologic and functional changes in the temporomandibular joint and stomatognathic system after transmandibular surgery in oral and oropharyngeal cancers: systematic review.

Background: Interruption of mandibular continuity in transmandibular (mandibulotomy and mandibulectomy) surgery for tumour resection in the oral cavity and oropharynx may alter oral and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) morphology and function.

Objective: To critically analyze available evidence regarding the effects of transmandibular surgeries on morphologic and functional changes in the TMJ and stomatognathic system.

Data Sources: Electronic search of Medline, Embase, Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews, Ovid HealthStar, and Scopus and hand searches.

Electromyography in diagnosing temporomandibular disorders.

Background: Although electromyography (EMG) has been used extensively in dentistry to assess masticatory muscle impairments in several conditions, especially temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), many investigators have questioned its psychometric properties and accuracy in diagnosing TMD.

Types Of Studies Reviewed: The authors conducted a systematic review to analyze the literature critically and determine the accuracy of EMG in diagnosing TMDs. They conducted an electronic search of MEDLINE, Embase, all Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews, Allied and Complementary Medicine, Ovid HealthSTAR and SciVerse Scopus.

Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications for treatment of temporomandibular joint degenerative pain: a systematic review.

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) to relieve temporomandibular joint (TMJ) degenerative joint disease (DJD) pain.

Methods: A search of the literature was made using electronic databases complemented with a manual search. Clinical trials comparing topical NSAID with either placebo or an alternative active treatment to treat TMJ DJD pain were identified.

Head and cervical posture in patients with temporomandibular disorders.

Aim: To determine whether patients with myogenous or mixed (ie, myogeneous plus arthrogeneous) temporomandibular disorders (TMD) had different head and cervical posture measured through angles commonly used in clinical research settings when compared to healthy individuals.

Methods: One hundred fifty-four persons participated in this study. Of these, 50 subjects were healthy, 55 subjects had myogenous TMD, and 49 subjects had mixed TMD (ie, arthrogenous plus myogenous TMD).

Patients with temporomandibular disorders have increased fatigability of the cervical extensor muscles.

Objectives: To determine whether patients with myogenous and mixed temporomandibular disorders (TMD) have greater fatigability of the cervical extensor muscles while performing a neck extensor muscle endurance test (NEMET) when compared with healthy controls.

Methods: A total of 151 individuals participated in this study. Of these 47 were healthy controls, 57 patients had myogenous TMD, and 47 patients had mixed TMD.

Electromyographic activity of the cervical flexor muscles in patients with temporomandibular disorders while performing the craniocervical flexion test: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Most patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) have been shown to have cervical spine dysfunction. However, this cervical dysfunction has been evaluated only qualitatively through a general clinical examination of the cervical spine.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with TMD had increased activity of the superficial cervical muscles when performing the craniocervical flexion test (CCFT) compared with a control group of individuals who were healthy.

Reduced endurance of the cervical flexor muscles in patients with concurrent temporomandibular disorders and neck disability.

Subjects with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) have been found to have clinical signs and symptoms of cervical dysfunction. Although many studies have investigated the relationship between the cervical spine and TMD, no study has evaluated the endurance capacity of the cervical muscles in patients with TMD. Thus the objective of this study was to determine whether patients with TMD had a reduced endurance of the cervical flexor muscles at any level of muscular contraction when compared with healthy subjects.

Is maximal strength of the cervical flexor muscles reduced in patients with temporomandibular disorders?

Objective: To determine whether there was a difference in maximal cervical flexor muscle strength in subjects with temporomandibular disorders (mixed and myogenous) compared with healthy subjects.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Orthopedics/sports laboratory at the University of Alberta.

The association between neck disability and jaw disability.

The association between cervical spine disorders (CSD) and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) has been extensively investigated. However, no studies investigating the relationship between the level of jaw disability and neck disability have been published. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether there was a relationship between neck disability measured using the neck disability index (NDI) and jaw disability measured through the jaw function scale (JFS).

A survey of prelicensure pain curricula in health science faculties in Canadian universities.

Objective: The present exploratory, descriptive study aimed to determine the designated time for mandatory pain content in curricula of major Canadian universities for students in health science and veterinary programs before being licensed.

Method: Major Canadian university sites (n=10) were chosen where health science faculties included at least medicine (n=10) and nursing (n=10); many also included dentistry (n=8), pharmacy (n=7), physical therapy (n=8) and/or occupational therapy (n=6). These disciplines provide the largest number of students entering the workforce but are not the only ones contributing to the health professional team.

The association between the cervical spine, the stomatognathic system, and craniofacial pain: a critical review.

Aims: Craniofacial pain is a term that encompasses pain in the head, face, and related structures. Multiple etiologies and factors may be related to craniofacial pain; however, the association between the cervical spine and its related structures and craniofacial pain is still a topic of debate. The objective of this critical review was to present and analyze the evidence of the associations between the cervical spine, stomatognathic system, and craniofacial pain.

Analgesic action of gabapentin on chronic pain in the masticatory muscles: a randomized controlled trial.

Chronic masticatory myalgia (CMM) can be defined as constant pain in the masticatory muscles for more than 6 months and is influenced by the central nervous system. The antiepileptic agent gabapentin acts centrally and is used for managing different types of chronic pain conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the analgesic action of gabapentin on CMM.

The association between head and cervical posture and temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review.

Aims: To carry out a systematic review to assess the evidence concerning the association between head and cervical posture and temporomandibular disorders (TMD).

Methods: A search of Medline, Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Lilacs, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted in all languages with the help of a health sciences librarian. Key words used in the search were posture, head posture, cervical spine or neck, vertebrae, cervical lordosis, craniomandibular disorders or temporomandibular disorders, temporomandibular disorders, and orofacial pain or facial pain.

Triptans for treatment of acute pediatric migraine: a systematic literature review.

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of triptans for the treatment of acute migraine in children and adolescents. Randomized and open label trials of triptans in acute pediatric patients (ages 6-18 years) were identified by Medline (1966-2002) and PubMed (1991-2002). Additional reports were identified from the reference list of the retrieved studies.

Topical review: sleep bruxism and the role of peripheral sensory influences.

Sleep bruxism (SB) is an unusual orofacial movement described as a parafunction in dentistry and as a parasomnia in sleep medicine. Since several peripheral influences could be involved in sleep-wake regulation and the genesis of rhythmic jaw movements, the authors have reviewed the relevant literature to facilitate understanding of mechanisms possibly involved in SB genesis. Various animal and human studies indicate that during either wakefulness or anesthesia, orofacial sensory inputs (e.

Understanding and managing the interaction between sleep and pain: an update for the dentist.

Pain is a symptom well known to disrupt numerous aspects of normal physical and psychological life, including work, social activities and sleep. In daily practice, general dentists and specialists are frequently confronted with issues concerning pain, as their patients seek management that integrates oral health with overall well-being. An example of a dental condition involving pain is temporomandibular disorder, which is one of the most common sources of chronic orofacial pain and which shares similarities with back pain in terms of intensity, persistence and psychosocial impact.