Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Postmarket, Open-Label, Long-Term Historical Control Study with Analysis Detailed per Krellgren-Lawrence Radiologic Osteoarthritis Scale Grade.

Background: Intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid-also called viscosupplementation (VS)-is frequently used for the symptomatic treatment of knee osteoarthritis, a painful and debilitating long-term disease, affecting an important fraction of elderly populations. Severity of knee osteoarthritis is generally described by Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) radiological classification. VS has been widely studied in many clinical trials; however, the results are rarely analyzed in detail according to KL grade.

Dbx1-expressing cells are necessary for the survival of the mammalian anterior neural and craniofacial structures.

Development of the vertebrate forebrain and craniofacial structures are intimately linked processes, the coordinated growth of these tissues being required to ensure normal head formation. In this study, we identify five small subsets of progenitors expressing the transcription factor dbx1 in the cephalic region of developing mouse embryos at E8.5.