Serum lactate and acute mesenteric ischaemia: An observational, controlled multicentre study.

Background: Early diagnosis and prompt management of acute mesenteric ischaemia (AMI) are key to survival but remain extremely difficult, due to vague and non-specific symptoms. Serum lactate (SL) is commonly presented as a useful biomarker for the diagnosis or prognosis of AMI. The aim of our study was test SL (1) as a diagnostic marker and (2) as a prognostic marker for AMI.

Evolution of Practices in a French Trauma Centre: Decrease in Blood Transfusions and Fresh Frozen Plasma to Red Blood Cell Ratios.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the evolution of transfusion practices following the introduction of tranexamic acid (TXA) and ROTEMVR in a trauma resuscitation unit (TRU) from a French teaching hospital (FTH).

Methods: This is a single-centre, retrospective study at a TRU from a FTH. All trauma patients aged 18 years or more and transfused with at least 4 red blood cells (RBCs) within 24 hours after trauma, from 2011 to 2016, were included.

Immune Profiling Demonstrates a Common Immune Signature of Delayed Acquired Immunodeficiency in Patients With Various Etiologies of Severe Injury.

Objectives: The host response plays a central role in the pathophysiology of sepsis and severe injuries. So far, no study has comprehensively described the overtime changes of the injury-induced immune profile in a large cohort of critically ill patients with different etiologies.

Design: Prospective observational cohort study.

Blood Purification Techniques for Sepsis and Septic AKI.

Sepsis is the primary cause of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients. During the past decades, several extracorporeal blood purification techniques have been developed for sepsis and sepsis-induced acute kidney injury management. These therapies could act on both the infectious agent itself and the host immune response.

oXiris® Use in Septic Shock: Experience of Two French Centres.

Background: Sepsis is a dysregulated host response to an infection and can result in organ dysfunctions and death. Extracorporeal blood purification techniques aim to improve the prognosis of these patients by modulating the unbalanced immune response. This study reports our experience with the use of the oXiris® membrane for septic shock patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).

Dialysis catheters in the ICU: selection, insertion and maintenance.

Purpose Of Review: Choosing the best catheter for renal replacement therapy (RRT) is not an easy task. Beyond catheter length, many of its properties can influence effectiveness of the RRT session. Maintenance between sessions, particularly the locking solution, also impacts catheter lifespan and infection rates.

Intra-cellular lactate concentration in T lymphocytes from septic shock patients - a pilot study.

Background: Sepsis-associated hyperlactatemia is a widely used biomarker, associated with initial severity and poor outcomes. This increased circulating lactate concentration has been proposed to result in part from a mismatch between oxygen delivery and demand in organs. However, other mechanisms may participate.

IL-7 Restores T Lymphocyte Immunometabolic Failure in Septic Shock Patients through mTOR Activation.

T lymphocyte alterations are central to sepsis pathophysiology, whereas related mechanisms remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that metabolic alterations could play a role in sepsis-induced T lymphocyte dysfunction. Samples from septic shock patients were obtained at day 3 and compared with those from healthy donors.

Modulation of LILRB2 protein and mRNA expressions in septic shock patients and after ex vivo lipopolysaccharide stimulation.

Septic patients develop immune dysfunctions, the intensities and durations of which are associated with deleterious outcomes. LILRB2 (leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors subfamily B, member 2), an inhibitory member of the LILR family of receptors, is known for its immunoregulatory properties. In a microarray study, we identified LILRB2 as an upregulated gene in septic shock patients.

Apoptosis-induced lymphopenia in sepsis and other severe injuries.

Sepsis and other acute injuries such as severe trauma, extensive burns, or major surgeries, are usually followed by a period of marked immunosuppression. In particular, while lymphocytes play a pivotal role in immune response, their functions and numbers are profoundly altered after severe injuries. Apoptosis plays a central role in this process by affecting immune response at various levels.

An optimized protocol for adenosine triphosphate quantification in T lymphocytes of lymphopenic patients.

In several clinical contexts, the measurement of ATP concentration in T lymphocytes has been proposed as a biomarker of immune status, predictive of secondary infections. However, the use of such biomarker in lymphopenic patients requires some adaptations in the ATP dosage protocol. We used blood from healthy volunteers to determine the optimal experimental settings.

Biological markers of injury-induced immunosuppression.

Severe injuries such as severe sepsis, burn, trauma and major surgery lead to an overlapping development of pro- and anti- inflammatory responses. It is now well established that these injuries are associated with the secondary development of immune suppression, which results in significant morbidity and mortality. Recent data suggest that immunostimulatory drugs might prevent these complications.