Surgical or medical strategy for locally-advanced, stage IIIA/B-N2 non-small cell lung cancer: Reproducibility of decision-making at a multidisciplinary tumor board.

Background: Stage IIIA/B-N2 is a very heterogeneous group of patients and accounts for one third of NSCLC at diagnosis. The best treatment strategy is established at a Multidisciplinary Tumor Board (MTB): surgical resection with neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy versus definitive chemoradiation with immune checkpoint inhibitors consolidation. Despite the crucial role of MTBs in this complex setting, limited data is available regarding its performances and the reproducibility of the decision-making.

Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy localization of lung nodules for thoracoscopic resection.

Background: Thoracoscopic localization of small peripheral pulmonary nodules is a concern. Failure can lead to larger parenchymal resection or conversion to thoracotomy. This study evaluates our experience in preoperative electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy-guided localization of small peripheral lung lesions.

Is chemotherapy rechallenge feasible in advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer?

Background: Despite recent progress, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) first-line treatment remains a platinum-based doublet in most cases. No guidelines exist beyond third line. Chemotherapy rechallenge is an option, but little data is available in NSCLC.

Calpain 1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is associated with poor prognosis in lepidic predominant pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Calpain 1 is a proinflammatory calcium-activated cysteine protease, which can be partly externalized. Extracellular calpains limit inflammatory processes and promote tissue repair, through cell proliferation and migration. Toll like receptor (TLR) 2 has been identified as a target of extracellular calpains in lymphocytes.

Endobronchial treatment of peripheral tumors: ongoing development and perspectives.

The expanded possibilities to explore the lung deeper with new tools such as electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) or radial probe endobronchial ultrasonography (radial EBUS), combined with miniaturization of traditional local therapies such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA), radiotherapy, cryotherapy or photodynamic therapy, let the bronchoscopists hope for new ways of endoscopic treatments. This challenge could change the practice in the upcoming decades but raise some physical and technical issues. Safety and efficacy need to be solidly established to face the serious concurrence of stereotactic radiotherapy (SBRT) or percutaneous RFA.

Nonsmall cell lung cancer from HIV-infected patients expressed programmed cell death-ligand 1 with marked inflammatory infiltrates.

Objective: Immunotherapies targeting the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint improved prognosis in lung cancer. PD-1/PD-L1 status, however, has not been investigated in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. This study assessed PD-L1 status and tumor immune-cell infiltration in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in HIV patients.

Pro-tumoural CXCL10/CXCR3-A autocrine loop in invasive mucinous lung adenocarcinoma.

Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) is a mucinous variant of lepidic predominant lung adenocarcinoma (LPA) and associated with a worse prognosis. We postulated that cytokine expression would enable us to differentiate IMA from LPA in terms of prognosis and acquisition of pro-tumoural capacities. A 30-cytokine panel was assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) from IMA (n=38), LPA (n=25) and control samples (n=7).

Sarcomatoid lung carcinomas show high levels of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and strong immune-cell infiltration by TCD3 cells and macrophages.

Objectives: Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas (SC) are rare tumors, associated with worse prognosis and resistant to platinum-based regimens. Therapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway are an emerging treatment for lung cancer. By characterizing intra-tumoral immune infiltration and evaluating PD-L1 expression, it could be possible to predict the efficacy of these new treatments.

[Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma].

Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas are a rare group of tumors accounting for about one percent of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). In 2015, the World Health Organization classification united under this name all the carcinomas with sarcomatous-like component with spindle cell or giant cell appearance, or associated with a sarcomatous component sometimes heterologous. There are five subtypes: pleomorphic carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma, giant cell carcinoma, carcinosarcoma and pulmonary blastoma.

Sonic Hedgehog Pathway Activation Is Associated With Resistance to Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma.

Introduction: Chemoresistance is a major challenge in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Because the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway is reactivated in NSCLC, we investigated an association between chemoresistance and Shh activation.

Patients And Methods: From a cohort of 178 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment, we selected all surgical tumor samples at diagnosis (n = 36).

Blood vessel invasion is a major feature and a factor of poor prognosis in sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung.

Objectives: Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas (SC) are highly disseminated types of non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Their prognosis is poor. New therapeutic targets are needed to improve disease management.

Prospective screening for ALK: clinical features and outcome according to ALK status.

The aim of this study was to analyse the clinico-pathological characteristics and outcomes of a cohort of French patients who were prospectively screened for Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) rearrangement. One hundred and sixteen consecutive patients screened for ALK rearrangement to be recruited into a crizotinib registration trial were included from eight French centres. ALK rearrangement was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

The impact of intracytoplasmic mucin in lung adenocarcinoma with pneumonic radiological presentation.

Objectives: This study investigated the clinical and prognostic impact of intracytoplasmic mucin in lung adenocarcinoma with "pneumonic" radiological presentation, formerly known as bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC).

Patients And Methods: Between 1986 and 2011, clinical and pathological data from 120 consecutive patients with lung adenocarcinoma with "pneumonic" radiological presentation were reviewed. Intracytoplasmic mucin was assessed using a diastase-resistant periodic acid-Schiff staining.

Factors associated with early progression of non-small-cell lung cancer treated by epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine-kinase inhibitors.

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) are a therapeutic option as second-line therapy in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), regardless of the EGFR gene status. Identifying patients with early progression during EGFR-TKI treatment will help clinicians to choose the best regimen, TKI or chemotherapy. From a prospective database, all patients treated with gefitinib or erlotinib between 2001 and 2010 were retrospectively reviewed.

Efficacy of first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced lung sarcomatoid carcinoma.

Background: Sarcomatoid carcinomas (SCs) are rare tumors that may arise in the lung, accounting for 0.4% of non-small-cell lung cancers; the prognosis is poor. Only few retrospective small-size series have studied the efficacy of chemotherapy (CT) for metastatic SC.

[Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma].

Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas are a rare group of tumors accounting for about 1 % of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). In 2004, World Health Organization classification united under this name all the carcinomas with sarcomatous or sarcomatous-like component with spindle cell or giant cell appearance. There are five subtypes: spindle cell carcinoma, giant cell carcinoma, pleomorphic carcinoma, carcino-sarcoma and pulmonary blastoma.