Eosinophils in the Field of Nasal Polyposis: Towards a Better Understanding of Biologic Therapies.

Eosinophils are often considered as the pathologic landmark of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Many studies emphasize their pivotal role in mucosal remodeling by their innate action via cytotoxic proteins degranulation. Eosinophil nasal recruitment from the bloodstream through endothelium diapedeses requires the intricate action between the nasal epithelium, epithelial cell-activated type 2 innate lymphoid cells, and adaptive immune cells secreting alarmins, cytokines, and specific chemokines.

Impact of HPV Infection on the Immune System in Oropharyngeal and Non-Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: To review the current knowledge regarding the involvement of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and the immune system in the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods: An electronic literature search was conducted to identify articles published between 1990 and 2019 pertaining to tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) in HNSCC using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Issues of clinical relevance, including tumor location, the number of tumor samples, the inclusion of additional specimens (dysplastic or normal mucosa), tumor size, methods used for HPV detection, relationship between antigen expression and patient characteristics (age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, etc.