A 2.5-years within-patient evolution of a with acquisition of ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam resistance upon treatment.

Ceftolozane-tazobactam is considered to be a last resort treatment for infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Although, resistance to this antimicrobial have been described , development of resistance was rarely reported. Here, we described the evolution of resistance to ceftolozane-tazobactam of isolates recovered from the same patient during recurrent infections over 2.5 years.

Higher Prevalence of PldA, a -Kingdom H2-Type VI Secretion System Effector, in Clinical Isolates Responsible for Acute Infections and in Multidrug Resistant Strains.

can manipulate eukaryotic host cells using secreted effectors delivered by the type III or the type VI Secretion Systems (T3SS and T6SS). The T3SS allows the injection of bacterial effectors (Exo toxins) into eukaryotic cell. , encodes three T6SSs, H1-, H2- and H3-T6SS.