Effect of Universal Adhesives on Long-term Bond Strength to Zirconia.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of universal adhesives on the long-term bond strength to yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP).

Materials And Methods: Polyethylene tubes filled with composite cement containing 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) were adhesively luted to 60 fully sintered Y-TZP slabs (7 x 7 x 2 mm) with or without (control) previous application of a 10-MDP-based adhesive (All Bond Universal, Bisco) - ABU; Clearfil Universal Bond Quick, Kuraray Noritake - CUB; Scotchbond Universal Adhesive, 3M Oral Care - SUA) on the zirconia surface. The bonded specimens were stored in water for 24 h, 6 months, or 1 year and subjected to microshear bond strength testing.

Impact of cleansing protocols to remove endodontic sealer residues on the adhesive interface: Bonding with universal adhesive systems.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cleansing protocols to remove sealer residues using different cleaning strategies and the effect of bond strength of two universal adhesives to dentin impregnated with epoxy resin-based sealer.

Materials And Methods: Fifty bovine dentin specimens were impregnated with epoxy resin-based sealer containing calcium hydroxide (Sealer Plus) and submitted to cleansing protocols (n = 10): negative control (NC), positive control (PC), 95% ethanol (ET), xylol (XI), and amyl acetate (AA). Specimens were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Influence of different glaze firing protocols on the mechanical properties of CAD-CAM ceramic materials.

Statement Of Problem: The influence of different glaze firing protocols and cooling on the behavior of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) ceramics is unclear.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the influence of different glaze firing protocols on the abrasion resistance, surface roughness, microhardness, and brittleness index of CAD-CAM ceramics.

Material And Methods: Rectangular specimens of IPS e.

Effect of mechanical cleaning protocols in the fiber post space on the adhesive interface between universal adhesive and root dentin.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cleaning protocols on the presence of residues, open dentinal tubules, and bond strength of a self-etch adhesive plus a dual-cure resin cement to dentin in the fiber-post space. The methods for cleaning utilized were conventional irrigation (CI), rotary brush with continuous rotary movement (RB), and continuous ultrasonic irrigation (CUI). Sixty bovine incisors were used for fiber-post space preparation.

Different surface treatment strategies on etchable CAD-CAM materials: Part II-Effect on the bond strength.

Statement Of Problem: Bonding to recently launched polymer-based computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials has been challenging. Evidence regarding etching strategies for dual-phase CAD-CAM materials is sparse, but adequate bonding is crucial for the clinical success and longevity of a restoration.

Purpose: The purpose of this 2-part in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the effect of surface treatment strategies on the microshear bond strength and work of adhesion of polymer-based and ceramic materials.

Different surface treatment strategies on etchable CAD-CAM materials: Part 1-Effect on the surface morphology.

Statement Of Problem: Polymer-based computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials have either a high content of ceramic filler particles or a ceramic network structure. Proper etching of these materials is challenging. Therefore, it is relevant to assess different surface etching strategies and morphological alterations as a result of these techniques.

Effect of different adhesive strategies and storage time on bond strength of bi-functional monomers to simulated endodontically-treated dentin.

Adhesive strategies were evaluated on the bond strength of bi-functional monomers bonded to endodontically-treated-dentin (ETD). Superficial dentin was removed on human molars. Teeth were immersed in 5 mL 2.

Effect of irrigation protocol during post space preparation on the dentin adhesive interface: An in vitro study.

Statement Of Problem: The post space must be prepared with techniques that do not interfere with the bond strength. These techniques are related to the availability of opened dentinal tubules and incidence of residue among the dentin, the adhesive, and the cement. Nevertheless, the effect of different irrigants during endodontic instrumentation is unclear.

Evaluation of the Surface Roughness and Accelerated Aging of CAD/CAM Materials.

Purpose: To compare the influence of surface roughness and accelerated aging on the mechanical properties of polymer-based and ceramic CAD/CAM materials.

Materials And Methods: Three polymers (Lava Ultimate [LVU], VITA ENAMIC [ENA], and Shofu Block HC [SFB]) and one ceramic (IPS Empress CAD [EMP]) were selected for this study. The specimens were treated with the aim of measuring surface roughness (Ra [mm]) and its influence on the mechanical properties.

Effect of silane and MDP-based primers on physico-chemical properties of zirconia and its bond strength to resin cement.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of surface treatments on yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) characteristics and on resin-mediated zirconia bond.

Methods: Y-TZP slabs were grit blasted with 45μm alumina or with 30μm silica-coated alumina particles. The chemical treatments were: no-chemical treatment (NC), silane-containing primer (SP), MDP (10-Methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate) and silane-containing primer (MPS), MDP-containing primer (MP) and MDP and silane-containing adhesive (MPA).

Brittleness index and its relationship with materials mechanical properties: Influence on the machinability of CAD/CAM materials.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the machinability of four CAD/CAM materials (n = 13) assessed by brittleness index, Vickers hardness, and fracture toughness and interaction among such mechanical properties. The materials selected in this in vitro study are Feldspathic ceramic [FC], Lithium-disilicate glass ceramic [LD], leucite-reinforced glass ceramic [LR], and nanofilled resin material [RN]. Slices were made from the blocks following original dimensions 14 × 12 × 3 mm (L × W × H), using a precision slow-speed saw device and then surfaces were regularized through a polishing device.

Effect of storage and aging conditions on the flexural strength and flexural modulus of CAD/CAM materials.

Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials were submitted to thermocycling, to identify changes in mechanical behavior. Four CAD/CAM materials were divided in four subordinate groups (n=9): (1) dry out for 7 days, (2) distilled water at 37C for 7 days, (3) 60,000 thermocycles, and (4) 120,000 thermocycles. Following thermocycling, samples were submitted to three-point bending test.

CAD/CAM diamond tool wear.

Objective: This study evaluated the wear of computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacture (CAD/CAM) burs and the morphologic changes after a number of millings.

Method And Materials: Diamond burs (cylinder and step-bur) were divided into four milling groups: zero millings (G0); 15 millings (G1); 25 millings (G2); and 35 millings (G3). Seventy-five premolar crowns were milled using the Cerec Compact Milling unit and VitaBlock Mark II.

Effect of thermal cycling on fracture toughness of CAD/CAM materials.

Purpose: To compare the fracture toughness of four different CAD/CAM materials, (VM) Vitablocs Mark II, (IP) IPS e.max CAD, (LU) LAVA Ultimate, and (VE) Vita Enamic under long thermocycling conditions.

Methods: Each type of ceramic block was sectioned into beams (n=9) with dimensions of 14×3×2.

Physico-mechanical properties of resin cement light cured through different ceramic spacers.

The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the micro hardness, color stability/ΔE, and degree of conversion/DC of a resin cement light cured through different ceramic spacers. Lithium-disilicate ceramic samples were obtained from IPS E-max CAD blocks (HT A1) and IPS in-Ceram (transparent neutral); and divided in 7 groups (n = 8 for each test): CTR/control group; 06 M/0.6 mm monolithic; 12 M/1.

Can Tooth Preparation Design Affect the Fit of CAD/CAM Restorations?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate if the marginal fit of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) restorations manufactured with CAD/CAM systems can be affected by different tooth preparation designs.

Methods: Twenty-six typodont (plastic) teeth were divided into two groups (n = 13) according to the occlusal curvature of the tooth preparation. These were the group 1 (control group) (flat occlusal design) and group 2 (curved occlusal design).

Microtensile bond strength between a UDMA fiber post and different resin cements: Effect of pre-surface treatment.

During a fiber post cementation, bonding failure often occurs at the junction between the fiber-post and resin-cement. Because this failure requires better characterization, we evaluated if different post surface treatment can affect the bond strength of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) fiber-posts with resin-cements. Three groups were created: G1: no treatment/silane; G2: ethyl alcohol (96° GL)/silane; G3: 24% HO/silane and further divided into four subgroups: I-Unicem/3MESPE; II-BisCem/Bisco; III-Panavia SA/Kuraray and IV-DuoLink/Bisco.

Are different generations of CAD/CAM milling machines capable to produce restorations with similar quality?

Background: Different CAD/CAM machines' generation may impact the restoration overall quality. The present study evaluated the marginal fit of CAD/CAM restorations manufactured with different generations of CEREC milling unit systems.

Material And Methods: Sixteen typodont teeth were divided into two groups (n=8) according to the machine's generation assigned.

Effect of different adhesive strategies on microtensile bond strength of computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing blocks bonded to dentin.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of ceramic and composite computer aided design-computer aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) blocks bonded to dentin using different adhesive strategies.

Materials And Methods: In this in vitro study, 30 crowns of sound freshly extracted human molars were sectioned horizontally 3 mm above the cementoenamel junction to produce flat dentin surfaces. Ceramic and composite CAD/CAM blocks, size 14, were sectioned into slices of 3 mm thick.

Nd:YAG Laser to obtain Irregularities on the Inner Surface of Porcelain.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the inner surface of two ceramic systems: IPS Empress II (Ivoclar Vivadent, Germany) and In-Ceram Alumina (Vita Zahnfabrick, Germany) submitted to surface treatments, especially by Nd:YAG laser.

Materials And Methods: Fifty samples were prepared in pellet form for each ceramic system according to manufacturers' specifications. The samples were stored at room temperature and then be subjected to surface treatment: without treatment (T0) (control), hydrofluoric acid-etched (T1), hydrofluoric acid-etched associated with the airborne particle-abraded (T2); CoJet system (T3), Nd:YAG laser (T4).

Comparison of linear measurements and analyses taken from plaster models and three-dimensional images.

Digital models are an alternative for carrying out analyses and devising treatment plans in orthodontics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and the reproducibility of measurements of tooth sizes, interdental distances and analyses of occlusion using plaster models and their digital images. Thirty pairs of plaster models were chosen at random, and the digital images of each plaster model were obtained using a laser scanner (3Shape R-700, 3Shape A/S).