Ultrasound evaluation in the postoperative period for surgical treatment of thoracic infectious and inflammatory diseases.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the role of TUSG in the postoperative period and the detection of early complications after surgical treatment, pulmonary resection, or decortication for infectious and inflammatory thoracic diseases, comparing with the standard method (Chest Radiography ‒ CXR).

Methods: Prospective non-randomized self-controlled study. Twenty-one patients over 16 years of age have undergone surgical treatment of inflammatory and infectious lung diseases.

Decompressive craniectomy index: Does the size of decompressive craniectomy matter in malignant middle cerebral artery infarction?

Background: Malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction is associated with high mortality, mainly due to intracranial hypertension. This malignant course develops when two-thirds or more of MCA territory is infarcted. Randomized clinical trials demonstrated that in patients with malignant MCA infarction, decompressive craniectomy (DC) is associated with better prognosis.

Traumatic acute subdural hematoma and coma: retrospective cohort of surgically treated patients.

Background: A subdural hematoma is defined as clot formation in the subdural space after vessel rupture or brain parenchyma damage. Several demographic and tomographic factors were associated to poor prognosis, although some debate according to their specific roles still remains.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of comatose patients admitted to a single-institution, tertiary hospital center, between the years 2013 and 2019 with traumatic acute subdural hematoma requiring surgical evacuation were studied.

Lung ultrasound: an additional tool in COVID-19.

Lung ultrasound is a well-defined diagnostic modality in the point of care emergency medicine concept. In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the lung ultrasound assumed an essential role in this disease, with a valid correlation of the imaging results with computed tomography. Recognize how the diagnostic possibilities of ultrasound in the approach of COVID-19 and its differential diagnoses are fundamental.

Intraoperative Ultrasound Using Dorsal Root Entry Zone Lesioning: A Way to Guide Intraspinal Cord Therapeutic Lesions.

Dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) lesioning is an effective method to treat refractory neuropathic pain in patients with radicular avulsion. In this procedure, we penetrate the spinal cord with a radiofrequency electrode using the posterior lateral sulcus as a guide. The intraspinal electrode trajectory has to be angled medially about 25°-45° to spare the corticospinal tract, which lies lateral to the DREZ, and also to spare the posterior column, which lies medial to it.

Imaging findings in COVID-19 pneumonia.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan city and was declared a pandemic in March 2020. Although the virus is not restricted to the lung parenchyma, the use of chest imaging in COVID-19 can be especially useful for patients with moderate to severe symptoms or comorbidities. This article aimed to demonstrate the chest imaging findings of COVID-19 on different modalities: chest radiography, computed tomography, and ultrasonography.

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Associated with Symptomatic Perineural Cysts: Presentation of 2 Cases.

Objectives: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension refers to cases of intracranial hypertension and normal brain parenchyma without ventriculomegaly or any kind of mass lesion. Perineural cysts are cerebrospinal fluid-filled cysts that usually arise from nerve roots near the dorsal ganglia. Often asymptomatic, they rarely cause mass effect symptoms.

Surgical approaches for brainstem tumors in pediatric patients.

Purpose: To analyze the pathways to brainstem tumors in childhood, as well as safe entry zones.

Method: We conducted a retrospective study of 207 patients less than 18 years old who underwent brainstem tumor resection by the first author (Cavalheiro, S.) at the Neurosurgical Service and Pediatric Oncology Institute of the São Paulo Federal University from 1991 to 2011.

Orbitofrontal sulcal and gyrus pattern in human: an anatomical study.

Unlabelled: The anatomical characterization of the orbitofrontal cortex in human is limited in literature instead of many functional and clinical studies involving it.

Objective: Anatomically define the orbitofrontal region aiming to possible neurosurgical treatments and unify the scientific nomenclature as well.

Method: We analyze eighty four human hemispheres using a surgical microscope.

Hemorrhagic onset of spinal angiolipoma.

Spinal angiolipomas are rare benign tumors that generally induce slow progressive cord compression. Here, the authors describe a case of sudden-onset palsy of the lower extremities caused by hemorrhagic spinal angiolipoma. An emergent laminectomy was performed to achieve total lesion removal.

Association of APOE, GCPII and MMP9 polymorphisms with common diseases and lipid levels in an older adult/elderly cohort.

Background And Aims: The characterization of candidate gene polymorphisms in elderly populations is an important tool for the identification of risk factors for age-related diseases and conditions. We aimed to genotype the APOE polymorphisms (rs429358 and rs7412), rs61886492 (1561C>T) and rs202720 of GCPII gene and rs3918242 (-1562C>T) of MMP9 gene in an older-adult/elderly cohort from Cuiabá city, Mato Grosso Brazil as well as to characterize risk factors for morbidities and conditions affecting this cohort.

Methods: The studied population consisted of 570 subjects from Cuiabá city, Brazil, who were subjected to clinical interviews and blood collection for laboratory examinations and DNA extraction.

PPARα polymorphisms as risk factors for dyslipidemia in a Brazilian population.

Background And Aims: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α is a nuclear receptor involved in the regulation of several biochemical pathways. Polymorphisms within its gene have been associated with several metabolic traits. We aimed to investigate the association of L162V and Intron 7G>C polymorphisms with serum level markers and common morbidities affecting an older adult/elderly cohort from Cuiaba City, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, as well as to compare the results with a previously studied population from São Paulo City, Brazil.