Lack of Anticoagulant Use in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Increased Risk of Thromboembolic Events According to Sex: Insights from a Multicentric Brazilian Study.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia, and its presentation differs according to age and sex. Recent studies have revealed differences in AF among various demographic groups, including the Latin American population.

Objectives: To better understand potential disparities in AF prevalence and treatment strategies in the Brazilian population through data from a large multicentric prospective registry.

Histone Methyltransferases G9a/ and GLP/ Are Associated with Cell Viability and Poorer Prognosis in Neuroblastoma and Ewing Sarcoma.

Changes in epigenetic programming have been proposed as being key events in the initiation and progression of childhood cancers. HMT euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2 (G9a, EHMT2), which is encoded by the () gene, as well as its related protein GLP, which is encoded by the / gene, participate in epigenetic regulation by contributing to a transcriptionally repressed chromatin state. G9a/GLP activation has been reported in several cancer types.

Effects of beta-band and gamma-band rhythmic stimulation on motor inhibition.

To investigate whether beta oscillations are related to motor inhibition, thirty-six participants underwent two concurrent transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and electroencephalography (EEG) sessions during which either beta (20 Hz) or gamma (70 Hz) stimulation was applied while participants performed a stop-signal task. In addition, we acquired magnetic resonance images to simulate the electric field during tACS. 20 Hz stimulation targeted at the pre-supplementary motor area enhanced inhibition and increased beta oscillatory power around the time of the stop-signal in trials directly following stimulation.

The marine carbonate system along the northern Antarctic Peninsula: current knowledge and future perspectives.

Among the regions of the Southern Ocean, the northern Antarctic Peninsula (NAP) has emerged as a hotspot of climate change investigation. Nonetheless, studies have indicated issues and knowledge gaps that must be addressed to expand the understanding of the carbonate system in the region. Therefore, we focused on identifying current knowledge about sea-air CO2 fluxes (FCO2), anthropogenic carbon (Cant) and ocean acidification along NAP and provide a better comprehension of the key physical processes controlling the carbonate system.

The interaction between endogenous GABA, functional connectivity, and behavioral flexibility is critically altered with advanced age.

The flexible adjustment of ongoing behavior challenges the nervous system's dynamic control mechanisms and has shown to be specifically susceptible to age-related decline. Previous work links endogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) with behavioral efficiency across perceptual and cognitive domains, with potentially the strongest impact on those behaviors that require a high level of dynamic control. Our analysis integrated behavior and modulation of interhemispheric phase-based connectivity during dynamic motor-state transitions with endogenous GABA concentration in adult human volunteers.

Prefronto-Striatal Structural Connectivity Mediates Adult Age Differences in Action Selection.

In complex everyday environments, action selection is critical for optimal goal-directed behavior. This refers to the process of choosing a proper action from the range of possible alternatives. The neural mechanisms underlying action selection and how these are affected by normal aging remain to be elucidated.

Seasonal variability of net sea-air CO fluxes in a coastal region of the northern Antarctic Peninsula.

We show an annual overview of the sea-air CO exchanges and primary drivers in the Gerlache Strait, a hotspot for climate change that is ecologically important in the northern Antarctic Peninsula. In autumn and winter, episodic upwelling events increase the remineralized carbon in the sea surface, leading the region to act as a moderate or strong CO source to the atmosphere of up to 40 mmol m day. During summer and late spring, photosynthesis decreases the CO partial pressure in the surface seawater, enhancing ocean CO uptake, which reaches values higher than - 40 mmol m day.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of young people and adults: a systematic review protocol of observational studies.

Introduction: Since the WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic, the spread of the new coronavirus has been the focus of attention of scientists, governments and populations. One of the main concerns is the impact of this pandemic on health outcomes, mainly on mental health. Even though there are a few empirical studies on COVID-19 and mental health, so far, there is no systematic review about the impact of COVID-19 on mental health of young people and adults yet.

Investigating an Integrated Sensor Fusion System for Mental Fatigue Assessment for Demanding Maritime Operations.

Human-related issues are currently the most significant factor in maritime causalities, especially in demanding operations that require coordination between two or more vessels and/or other maritime structures. Some of these human-related issues include incorrect, incomplete, or nonexistent following of procedures; lack of situational awareness; and physical or mental fatigue. Among these, mental fatigue is especially dangerous, due to its capacity to reduce reaction time, interfere in the decision-making process, and affect situational awareness.

Reduced Modulation of Task-Related Connectivity Mediates Age-Related Declines in Bimanual Performance.

Aging is accompanied by marked changes in motor behavior and its neural correlates. At the behavioral level, age-related declines in motor performance manifest, for example, as a reduced capacity to inhibit interference between hands during bimanual movements, particularly when task complexity increases. At the neural level, aging is associated with reduced differentiation between distinct functional systems.

Fiber-specific variations in anterior transcallosal white matter structure contribute to age-related differences in motor performance.

Age-related differences in bimanual motor performance have been extensively documented, but their underlying neural mechanisms remain less clear. Studies applying diffusion MRI in the aging population have revealed evidence for age-related white matter variations in the corpus callosum (CC) which are related to bimanual motor performance. However, the diffusion tensor model used in those studies is confounded by partial volume effects in voxels with complex fiber geometries which are present in up to 90% of white matter voxels, including the bilateral projections of the CC.

Distinct online and offline effects of alpha and beta transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on continuous bimanual performance and task-set switching.

In the present study we examined the effect of bihemispheric in-phase synchronization of motor cortical rhythms on complex bimanual coordination. Twenty young healthy volunteers received 10 Hz or 20 Hz tACS in a double-blind crossover design while performing a bimanual task-set switching paradigm. We used a bilateral high-density montage centred over the hand knob representation within the primary motor cortices to apply tACS time-locked to the switching events.

Anatomy of Subcortical Structures Predicts Age-Related Differences in Skill Acquisition.

Skill acquisition capabilities vary substantially from one individual to another. Volumetric brain studies have demonstrated that global volume of several subcortical structures predicts variations in learning outcome in young adults (YA) and older adults (OA). In this study, for the first time, we utilized shape analysis, which offers a more sensitive detection of subregional brain anatomical deformations, to investigate whether subregional anatomy of subcortical structures is associated with training-induced performance improvement on a bimanual task in YA and OA, and whether this association is age-dependent.