The experimental model of nephrotic syndrome induced by Doxorubicin in rodents: an update.

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, generalized edema, and hyperlipidemia. It begins by changes in the glomerular filtration barrier, with increased permeability to plasma proteins. It affects all age groups and can progress to end-stage renal disease.

PAX2 polymorphisms and congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract in a Brazilian pediatric population: evidence for a role in vesicoureteral reflux.

Background And Objectives: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are common genetic malformations. Since the PAX2 gene has a role in kidney organogenesis, this study investigated the association of PAX2 gene polymorphisms with CAKUT in general and with specific phenotypes of CAKUT in a Brazilian pediatric population.

Methods: This study included 241 individuals with antenatal hydronephrosis and 259 healthy controls.

The role of the immune system in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: a review of clinical and experimental studies.

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is a multifactorial disease, characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema and hyperlipidemia. Studies in humans and animal models have associated INS with changes in the immune response. The purpose of this article is to review clinical and experimental findings showing the involvement of the immune response in the pathogenesis of INS.