Early Abortions and Congenital Malformations: A Comparison Between Agricultural and Nonagricultural Areas in the State of São Paulo/Brazil.

Introduction: Areas with higher agricultural production have higher rates of abortion and malformation, probable related to pesticides.

Objective: To compare the rates of early abortion and fetal malformation in agricultural and nonagricultural areas.

Method: A survey was carried out on fetal deaths in children weighing less than 500 g or gestational age less than 22 weeks and fetal malformations in live births.

Retinitis pigmentosa and nanophthalmos in a patient with attenuated Hunter's syndrome.

Purpose: To describe a case of retinitis pigmentosa and nanophthalmos in a patient with attenuated Hunter's syndrome.

Methods: Fundus photography, total field electroretinogram, ultrasound, computerized visual field examination, biochemical examination and genetic testing were obtained.

Results: The fundus exam showed diffuse arteriolar attenuation, optic disc with regular contours, and pigment agglomerates like "bone spicules" in the middle periphery.

Use of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: a narrative review.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) deals with development of algorithms that seek to perceive one's environment and perform actions that maximize one's chance of successfully reaching one's predetermined goals.

Objective: To provide an overview of the basic principles of AI and its main studies in the fields of glaucoma, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. From this perspective, the limitations and potential challenges that have accompanied the implementation and development of this new technology within ophthalmology are presented.

Evaluation of the prematurity retinopathy and other eye changes in the newborn.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of ophthalmologic manifestations in newborns in a maternity hospital in the city of São Paulo, SP, and the main risk factors related with the development of retinopathy of prematurity.

Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal study with patients born from 2015 to 2017 who required ophthalmological evaluation. The research variables were obtained by analysis of the newborn medical charts.

Eye diseases during pregnancy: a study with the medical data warehouse in the eye clinic of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München in Munich in Germany.

Objective: To analyze the most common ophthalmologic disorders in pregnant women seen in a hospital in Munich in Germany using a big data analysis system, as well as to compare the results obtained with those from other epidemiological studies that used different data acquisition methods.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed electronic health records of pregnant women who were seen at the ophthalmology department from 2003 to 2019 at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München hospital. The main complaints that led to ophthalmic consultations during this period were evaluated, and also the variation in intraocular pressure of patients throughout gestational trimesters by analyzing data from the data warehouse system.

In search of disambiguation: development of eye drop bottle sleeves to aid in identification and survey among possible users. A cross-sectional study.

Background: Considerable numbers of individuals present low vision, blindness, illiteracy and other conditions that could possibly impair their identification of medications, such as eye drops. Through helping these individuals to identify their eye drops, they can achieve greater autonomy. Misidentification can be avoided through use of multisensory sleeves that can be adapted to most eye drop bottles.

COVID 19 repercussions in ophthalmology: a narrative review.

Background: The new coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally and has repercussions within ophthalmological care. It has caused ocular manifestations in some patients, which can spread through eye secretions.

Objectives: The purpose of this review was to summarize the currently available evidence on COVID-19 with regard to its implications for ophthalmology.

New Direct and Indirect Ophthalmoscopy Teaching Methodology for Veterinary Doctors.

Ophthalmic diseases can reflect the presence of systemic disease in animals. Thus, specialists in veterinary medicine must master the technique of fundus examination. To aid in the acquisition of this skill, we developed a teaching methodology using a low-cost model that students can build themselves and a device that allow for the examination of the animal's retina to teach the techniques of direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy in veterinary medicine.