Sex differences in long-term fear and anxiety-like responses to deep brain stimulation in a preclinical model of PTSD.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently being investigated in patients and preclinical models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but differences in behaviour according to sex remain elusive. We exposed female and male rats to fear conditioning and extinction. Thereafter, animals were treated with ventromedial prefrontal cortex DBS, followed by a battery of tests to measure fear and anxiety-like behaviour.

β-2 agonist and antagonist adrenoceptors induce neuroprotection in a progressive model of parkinsonism.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive dopaminergic dysfunction in the nigrostriatal pathway, as well as alterations in other monoamines systems. Research indicates that the use of β-adrenergic agonist and antagonists influences the risk of PD. This study evaluated the effects of salbutamol and propranolol on motor and neurochemical parameters in a progressive model of parkinsonism induced by reserpine (RES).

Involvement of the serotonergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic systems of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex in the trait and state anxiety of adult male Wistar rats.

Despite significant advancements to understand of the neural circuitry involved in anxiety, the neurobiology of trait anxiety remains unclear. The rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and various pathways have been implicated in its regulation, making it a key to trait anxiety. The present study aimed to investigate the role of these neurotransmitter systems in the rACC in trait anxiety.

Fatty acids and volatile compound of cooked green licuri (Syagrus coronata) and naturally ripe licuri almonds from native flora, popularly consumed in Brazil.

The present study was carried out to investigate the proximate composition, fatty acid (FA) profile and volatile compounds (VC) of cooked green licuri (Syagrus coronata) - an unripe stage that is then cooked - and naturally ripe licuri almonds. The FA profiles were determined by gas chromatography (GC) and the VC composition was evaluated using headspace-solid-phase microextraction coupled with GC-MS. The cooked green licuri presented higher moisture, and lower contents of ashes, proteins and lipids than naturally ripe licuri almonds.

Ameliorative effects of aqueous extract from rosemary on oxidative stress and inflammation pathways caused by a high-fat diet in C57BL/6 mice.

Rosemary is an herb exhibits biological properties, attenuates inflammation, oxidative stress, and improves lipid profile. Here, we evaluated the effects of rosemary aqueous extract (RE) on mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). Male C57BL/6 mice were administered a control diet or HFD for 10 weeks.

Involvement of nitric oxide in the neurobiology of fear-like behavior.

Fear is an emotional reaction that arises in dangerous situations, inducing the adaptation to an existing condition. This behavior was conserved in all vertebrates throughout evolution and is observed in mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, and reptiles. The neurocircuitry of fear involves areas of the limbic system, cortical regions, midbrain, and brainstem.

Motor, memory, and anxiety-like behavioral impairments associated with brain-derived neurotrophic factor and dopaminergic imbalance after inhalational exposure to deltamethrin.

Believed to cause damage to the nervous system and possibly being associated with neurodegenerative diseases, deltamethrin (DM) is a type II pyrethroid used in pest control, public health, home environment, and vector control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the motor, cognitive and emotional changes associated with dopaminergic and BDNF imbalance after DM exposure in rats. Sixty Wistar rats (9-10 months-old) were used, under Ethics Committee on Animal Research license (ID 19/2017).

Excitotoxic lesion of the medial prefrontal cortex in Wistar rats: Effects on trait and state anxiety.

The neural substrate of anxiety response (state anxiety) to a threatening situation is well defined. However, a lot less is known about brain structures implicated in the individual's predisposition to anxiety (trait anxiety). Scientific evidences lead us to suppose that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is involved in both trait and state anxiety.

Effect of Lemongrass Aroma on Experimental Anxiety in Humans.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential anxiolytic effect of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) aroma in healthy volunteers submitted to an anxiogenic situation.

Design: Forty male volunteers were allocated to four different groups for the inhalation of lemongrass essential oil (test aroma: three or six drops), tea tree essential oil (control aroma: three drops), or distilled water (nonaromatic control: three drops). Immediately after inhalation, each volunteer was submitted to an experimental model of anxiety, the video-monitored version of the Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT).

Pharmacological validation of the free-exploratory paradigm in male Wistar rats: A proposed test of trait anxiety.

The free-exploratory paradigm (FEP) has been proposed as a model of trait anxiety for both mice and rats. However, its pharmacological validation has only been carried out for the mice. Thus, the aim of the present study was to pharmacologically validate FEP for Wistar rats, by testing the effects of clinically established anxiolytic and anxiogenic drugs, in four different experiments.