Evaluating lay first responder (LFR) first aid kit supplies usage and appropriateness in Western Kenya.

Introduction: low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) disproportionately bear 90% of global mortality from trauma, yet robust emergency medical services (EMS) are often lacking to address the prehospital injury burden. Training lay-first responders (LFRs) is the first step toward formal (EMS) development in (LMICs). However, a gap remains as LFR first aid kit supply usage, appropriateness, and decay rates have yet to be studied but remain critical information for building sustainable LFR programs.

Repurposing FDA-approved compounds to target JAK2 for colon cancer treatment.

Colorectal cancer is one of the common cancers worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. The current treatment has the inherent drawbacks and there is a need of developing a new treatment. Interleukin-6 a pleiotropic cytokine involved in immune regulation and activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway in colorectal cancer.

Attitudes and barriers toward video visits in surgical care: Insights from a nationwide survey among surgeons.

Background: Surgeons rapidly adopted video visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, video visit use among surgeons has significantly declined, pointing to the need to better understand current attitudes and barriers to their use in surgical care.

Methods: From August 2022 to March 2023, a nationwide survey was conducted among practicing surgeons in 6 specialties.

Preoperative Templating of Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Graft for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Morphometry-Based Graft Harvest Method.

Background: Knowledge of anatomy and morphometry of the patella and patellar tendon is crucial for the selection of bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) graft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Graft tunnel mismatch in BTB graft especially in patients with patella alta or baja can result in compromised fixation for the bone-to-bone healing. This complication can be avoided by proper templating of graft using parameters measured from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Influence and Impact of Mandibular Ramal Dimensions on the Incidence of Lower Third Molar Impaction: A Prospective Study.

Context: The incidence of third molar impaction is very frequent in the dental arch; however, the etiology remains unclear. Assessment of ramal parameters might aid in deducing the chance of the lower third molar being impacted.

Aims: To investigate the mandibular ramus features that could contribute to the etiology of mandibular third molar impaction.

The profile of headaches and migraine amongst medical students and its association to stress level, disability and self-management practices.

Introduction: Migraine is the most common headache affecting young people that impairs their functional ability. This study aimed to determine the frequency of migraines among Malaysian medical students, the association between migraines, stress level, and functional disability among these students, and describe their self-management practices.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students in a private medical school in Penang state.

Response of South Indian girls with central precocious puberty to gonadotrophin analogue (GnRHa) therapy - a single center experience.

Aim Of The Study: To describe the clinical, auxological, biochemical and radiological response to GnRH analogue in female children with central precocious puberty (CPP).

Material And Methods: The data on 22 female children presenting with the larche < 8 years, pubarche < 8 years or menarche < 9 years diagnosed as CPP was collected from the records over a four year period. Assessment included growth parameters, Tanners staging; bone age (BA) by Greulich and Pyle method, ultrasonography of abdomen to assess uterine length and ovarian size and z score derived; biochemical evaluation included serum luteinising hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2); and MRI brain.

Correlation Between Clinical Diagnosis, MRI, and Arthroscopy in Diagnosing Shoulder Pathology.

Introduction Shoulder disorders are frequently encountered by clinicians and are a common cause of musculoskeletal pain in the general population. Clinical tests specific to each shoulder pathology, MRI, and arthroscopy are the most relied upon modalities of diagnosis used by many clinicians. The aim of this study was to correlate clinical tests and MRI with arthroscopy as the gold standard and whether a negative MRI with a positive clinical test could justify an arthroscopy.

In-vitro 3D modelling for charged particle therapy - Uncertainties and opportunities.

Radiation therapy is a critical component of oncologic management, with more than half of all cancer patients requiring radiotherapy at some point during their disease course. Over the last decade, there has been increasing interest in charged particle therapy due to its advantageous physical and radiobiologic properties, with the therapeutic use of proton beam therapy (PBT) expanding worldwide. However, there remain large gaps in our knowledge of the radiobiologic mechanisms that underlie key aspects of PBT, such as variations in relative biologic effectiveness (RBE), radioresistance, DNA damage response and repair pathways, as well as immunologic effects.

Clinical Profile of Adolescents With Delayed Puberty.

One year study on forty-eight adolescents with delayed puberty revealed etiology of constitutional delay, hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (HH), hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, chronic systemic disease, hypothyroidism and sex reversal in 14(29.2%), 13 (27%), 12 (25%), 5 (10.4%), 3 (6.

Nutrient Loss in Snowmelt Runoff: Results from a Long-term Study in a Dryland Cropping System.

Snowmelt runoff often comprises the majority of annual runoff in the Canadian Prairies and a significant proportion of total nutrient loss from agricultural land to surface water. Our objective was to determine the effect of agroecosystem management on snowmelt runoff and nutrient losses from a long-term field experiment at Swift Current, SK. Runoff quantity, nutrient concentrations, and loads were estimated after a change in management from conventionally tilled wheat ( L.

Are heart doses associated with survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who received post-operative thoracic radiotherapy?: A national population-based study.

The aim of this retrospective national cohort study is to assess the association between various radiation heart dosimetric parameters (RHDPs), acute myocardial infarct (AMI) and overall survival (OS) outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with post-operative thoracic radiotherapy (PORT) using contemporary radiation techniques.We identified patients with stage I to III NSCLC treated with PORT at the 2 national cancer institutions from 2007 to 2014. We linked their electronic medical records to the national AMI and death registries.

Genomics of radiation sensitivity in squamous cell carcinomas.

Radiotherapy is an important modality in the management of squamous cell cancers with 50% of patients receiving radiotherapy at some point. Despite technological advances, the risk of severe toxicity in a proportion of radiosensitive patients limits radiation doses that can be safely prescribed affecting the potential for cure. While comorbidities, lifestyle and treatment factors can influence interindividual variations, genetic factors are thought to play a major role, accounting for approximately 80% of the variance observed.

Radiobiology and radiotherapy of brain metastases.

Brain metastases are the most common intracranial tumors in adults, accounting for more than 50% of all such cases. The approach to and management of brain metastases have evolved significantly in recent years due to several reasons. These include advances in neurosurgical and radiotherapeutic techniques, improved systemic therapy options offering better systemic and intracranial disease control and prolongation of survival as a result of these improvements, making side-effects of proposed therapies (e.

Tracheal stenting under flexible bronchoscopy for large tracheoesophageal malignant lymphadenopathy.

A 67-year-old man with poorly controlled chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presented with progressive dysphagia and was diagnosed with locally advanced carcinoma of the esophagus. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography staging showed mediastinal lymphadenopathy including a large lymph node in the tracheoesophageal groove with moderate tracheal compression. He was advised chemoradiotherapy but was reluctant to proceed with the same.

Study investigating the impact of pharmacist involvement on the outcomes of diabetes medication therapy adherence program Malaysia.

Involvement of pharmacists in improving medication adherence among diabetic patients is recognized globally. In Malaysian healthcare system, pharmacists are also operating health services i.e.

Radiation-induced sarcomas of the head and neck.

With improved outcomes associated with radiotherapy, radiation-induced sarcomas (RIS) are increasingly seen in long-term survivors of head and neck cancers, with an estimated risk of up to 0.3%. They exhibit no subsite predilection within the head and neck and can arise in any irradiated tissue of mesenchymal origin.

Insufficiency fractures of the sacrum following stereotactic body radiotherapy for sacral tumors.

Introduction: There is little data on sacral insufficiency fracture(SIF) incidence following pelvic radiotherapy, with existing studies based on conventional fractionation. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), characterized by dose escalation with hypofractionation, may pose even greater risks to sacral integrity. This study aims to define SIF incidence and risk factors following SBRT.

Outcomes and prognostic factors of post-irradiation and de novo sarcomas of the head and neck: a histologically matched case-control study.

Background: This study was designed to compare post-irradiation sarcomas (PIS) and de novo sarcomas (DN) of the head and neck in terms of tumor characteristics, prognostic factors, and survival outcomes.

Methods: All (N=83) head and neck sarcoma patients treated at National Cancer Centre, Singapore (Feb 2002-May 2011) were included: DN (N=60; 72%); PIS (N=23; 28%). Clinicopathologic features and outcomes of all patients and histologically matched pairs were compared.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the ear arising in patients after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Radiation-induced malignancies are a rare but serious complication arising in patients receiving radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). To characterize patients who develop post-irradiation squamous cell carcinoma (PISCC) of the ear after radiotherapy for NPC and to compare their outcomes with patients who have de novo squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the ear. Clinical and pathological characteristics and their outcomes were analysed and compared between post-irradiation and de novo SCC cases.

Target volume delineation in oropharyngeal cancer: impact of PET, MRI, and physical examination.

Introduction: Sole utilization of computed tomography (CT) scans in gross tumor volume (GTV) delineation for head-and-neck cancers is subject to inaccuracies. This study aims to evaluate contributions of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and physical examination (PE) to GTV delineation in oropharyngeal cancer (OPC).

Methods: Forty-one patients with OPC were studied.

Feasibility of reirradiation of recurrent sinonasal carcinoma in the periorbital region using hypofractionated image-guided intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

Background: Recurrent periorbital tumors pose management challenges because they are often unresectable and chemorefractory. Proximity to critical structures renders reirradiation difficult. With image-guided intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IG-IMRT), real-time corrections to patient setup are possible, enabling significant shrinkage of planning target volume margins and safe dose escalation with hypofractionation.