The development of extracellular vesicle markers for the fungal phytopathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum.

Fungal phytopathogens secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) associated with enzymes and phytotoxic metabolites. While these vesicles are thought to promote infection, defining the true contents and functions of fungal EVs, as well as suitable protein markers, is an ongoing process. To expand our understanding of fungal EVs and their possible roles during infection, we purified EVs from the hemibiotrophic phytopathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum, the causative agent of anthracnose disease in multiple plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana.

Sub-cellular markers highlight intracellular dynamics of membrane proteins in response to abiotic treatments in rice.

Background: Cell biology approach using membrane protein markers tagged with fluorescent proteins highlights the dynamic behaviour of plant cell membranes, not only in the standard but also in changing environmental conditions. In the past, this strategy has been extensively developed in plant models such as Arabidopsis.

Results: Here, we generated a set of transgenic lines expressing membrane protein markers to extend this approach to rice, one of the most cultivated crop in the world and an emerging plant model.