Recent advances on polydeoxyribonucleotide extraction and its novel application in cosmeceuticals.

Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is a registered DNA-derived proprietary drug containing a mixture of DNA fragments of molecular weights of 50 and 1500 kDa extracted mainly from salmon with a highly pure active substance (>95 %). It has many valuable medicinal effects and multi-functions related to cosmeceuticals. In-vivo tests and even clinical trials have confirmed this substance as non-toxic.

Evaluation of a multimodal ctDNA-based assay for detection of aggressive cancers lacking standard screening tests.

Cancers lacking standard screening (LSS) options account for approximately 70% of cancer-related deaths due to late-stage diagnosis. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a promising biomarker for multi-cancer early detection. We previously developed SPOT-MAS, a multimodal ctDNA-based assay analyzing methylation and fragmentomic profiles, effective in detecting common cancers (breast, colorectal, liver, lung and gastric).

A consultation and work-up diagnosis protocol for a multicancer early detection test: a case series study.

The emergence of multicancer early detection (MCED) tests holds promise for improving early cancer detection and public health outcomes. However, positive MCED test results require confirmation through recommended cancer diagnostic imaging modalities. To address these challenges, we have developed a consultation and work-up protocol for definitive diagnostic results post MCED testing, named SPOT-MAS.

Early social isolation disrupts adult personality expression in group-living mites.

Animal personalities are characterized by intra-individual consistency and consistent inter-individual variability in behaviour across time and contexts. Personalities abound in animals, ranging from sea anemones to insects, arachnids, birds, fish and primates, yet the pathways mediating personality formation and expression remain elusive. Social conditions during the early postnatal period are known determinants of mean behavioural trait expressions later in life, but their relevance in shaping personality trajectories is unknown.

Early-life intraguild predation risk produces adaptive personalities in predatory mites.

Animal personalities are defined by within-individual consistency, and consistent among-individual variation, in behavior across time and/or contexts. Here we hypothesized that brief early-life experience of intraguild predation (IGP) risk has enduring phenotypic effects on personality expression in boldness and aggressiveness in later life. We tested our hypothesis in predatory mites , which are IG predators with ontogenetic role reversals, i.

Pentacyclic triterpenes from the leaves of Ninh.

Nine pentacyclic triterpene derivatives including new 3-coumaroyl trichadenic acid B () and two new ursane-type triterpene derivatives, 11,12-[1-(methyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethane-1,2-dioxy]-urs-12-ene-3-ol () and 11,12-[2-(methyl)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethane-1,2-dioxy]-urs-12-ene-3-ol () were isolated from the leaves of Ninh., along with six known compounds (). This is the first report on pentacyclic triterpenoids from this species.

Seasonal Change of Sediment Microbial Communities and Methane Emission in Young and Old Mangrove Forests in Xuan Thuy National Park.

Microbial communities in mangrove forests have recently been intensively investigated to explain the ecosystem function of mangroves. In this study, the soil microbial communities under young (<11 years-old) and old (>17 years-old) mangroves have been studied during dry and wet seasons. In addition, biogeochemical properties of sediments and methane emission from the two different mangrove ages were measured.

Spider mite males undress females to secure the first mating.

Intense mate competition favors the evolution of extraordinary mating strategies such as the ability of males to identify premature females that are close to becoming mature and associate with them until they are sexually receptive (dubbed precopulatory mate guarding). Owing to possible take-overs by rival males, precopulatory guarding is a high-risk, time- and energy-intensive strategy. Here, we provide experimental evidence that guarding spider mite males undress females by actively removing the exuvia during ecdysis to adult; females undressed by guarding males eclose faster than unguarded females.

Microorganism-Derived Molecules as Enzyme Inhibitors to Target Alzheimer's Diseases Pathways.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. It increases the risk of other serious diseases and causes a huge impact on individuals, families, and socioeconomics. AD is a complex multifactorial disease, and current pharmacological therapies are largely based on the inhibition of enzymes involved in the pathogenesis of AD.

Potential of the Liquid Fermentation of Fishery Waste by for Metalloprotease Production.

This study attempted to use fishery processing wastes to produce protease by TKU051. Of the tested wastes, tuna head powder (THP) was found to be the most effective carbon and nitrogen (C/N) source, and the optimal conditions were as follows: 0.811% THP, 0.

Novel α-Amylase Inhibitor Hemi-Pyocyanin Produced by Microbial Conversion of Chitinous Discards.

α-Amylase inhibitors (aAIs) have been applied for the efficient management of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to search for potential aAIs produced by microbial fermentation. Among various bacterial strains, TUN03 was found to be a potential aAI-producing strain, and shrimp heads powder (SHP) was screened as the most suitable C/N source for fermentation.

Enhancement of exchangeable Cd and Pb immobilization in contaminated soil using Mg/Al LDH-zeolite as an effective adsorbent.

In the present study, experiments using zeolite and Mg/Al LDH-zeolite for immobilization of Cd and Pb ions in artificial soil were conducted. The conditions which affect Cd and Pb ion immobilization in soil were evaluated, namely soil pH (5-7), the mass ratio of adsorbents (1%, 3% and 5%), incubation time (15 days, 30 days and 45 days) and soil moisture (30%, 50% and 70%). The results indicated that the optimal soil pH, mass ratio of adsorbents, incubation time and soil moisture for immobilization of Cd and Pb ions by the adsorbent were, respectively, 7.

Enhanced simultaneous adsorption of As(iii), Cd(ii), Pb(ii) and Cr(vi) ions from aqueous solution using cassava root husk-derived biochar loaded with ZnO nanoparticles.

This study presents the modification of cassava root husk-derived biochar (CRHB) with ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) for the simultaneous adsorption of As(iii), Cd(ii), Pb(ii) and Cr(vi). By conducting batch-mode experiments, it was concluded that 3% w/w was the best impregnation ratio for the modification of CRHB using ZnO-NPs, and was denoted as CRHB-ZnO3 in this study. The optimal conditions for heavy metal adsorption were obtained at a pH of 6-7, contact time of 60 min, and initial metal concentration of 80 mg L.

Antibacterial effect of copper nanoparticles produced in a -supported non-external circuit bioelectrical system on bacterial plant pathogens.

The use of copper nanoparticles for the inhibition of plant pathogens , which causes wilt disease, and , which causes citrus canker, was investigated in this study. To avoid the inhibiting effect of Cu ions on the bacterial cells, the copper nanoparticles were synthesized in the cathode chamber of a non-external circuit bioelectrochemical system (nec_BES) inoculated with sp. HN-41 at the anode.

Bioprocessing of Marine Chitinous Wastes for the Production of Bioactive Prodigiosin.

Recently, microbial prodigiosin (PG) has received much attention due to its numerous beneficial applications. The aim of this study was to establish the bioprocessing of marine chitinous wastes (MCWs) for the cost-effective preparation of PG. Of the MCWs, demineralized shrimp shell powders (de-SSP) were found to be a potential source of carbon/nitrogen (C/N) for PG production by bacterial fermentation using strains.

Esterification of sugarcane bagasse by citric acid for Pb adsorption: effect of different chemical pretreatment methods.

In this study, different pretreatment strategies of sugarcane bagasse prior to citric acid modification were investigated in terms of Pb adsorption capacity. Pretreatment strategies included the use of NaOH, HCl, and CHOH in various concentrations. In order to fundamentally understand how these pretreatment methods affect the modification of sugarcane bagasse by citric acid as well as the Pb adsorption capacity of sugarcane bagasse, three main components of sugarcane bagasse namely cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were isolated and esterified by citric acid under the same conditions.

Novel Efficient Bioprocessing of Marine Chitins into Active Anticancer Prodigiosin.

Marine chitins (MC) have been utilized for the production of vast array of bioactive products, including chitooligomers, chitinase, chitosanase, antioxidants, anti-NO, and antidiabetic compounds. The aim of this study is the bioprocessing of MC into a potent anticancer compound, prodigiosin (PG), via microbial fermentation. This bioactive compound was produced by TKU011 with the highest yield of 4.

Clinical impact of the two ART resistance markers, K13 gene mutations and DPC3 in Vietnam.

Background: In Vietnam, a rapid decline of P. falciparum malaria cases has been documented in the past years, the number of Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases has rapidly decreased passing from 19.638 in 2012 to 4.

The superior photocatalytic activity of Nb doped TiO/g-CN direct Z-scheme system for efficient conversion of CO into valuable fuels.

In this study, we firstly aimed to use Nb as dopant to dope into the TiO lattice in order to narrow band gap energy or enhance photocatalytic activity of the Nb-TiO. Then, the prepared Nb-TiO was combined with g-CN to establish Nb-TiO/g-CN direct Z-scheme system for superior reduction of CO into valuable fuels even under visible light. The obtained results indicated that the band gap energy of the Nb-TiO (2.

Novel Potent Hypoglycemic Compounds from Champ. and Their Effect on Reducing Plasma Glucose in an ICR Mouse Model.

α-Glucosidase inhibitors (aGIs) have been used as an effective therapy for type-2 diabetes, which remains a global health issue. The aim of this study was to achieve bioactivity-guided isolation, identification and evaluation of hypoglycemic compounds from Champ. trunk bark (ELCTB).

New Records of Potent In-Vitro Antidiabetic Properties of Heartwood and the Bioactivity-Guided Isolation of Active Compounds.

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity has been commonly used for the evaluation of antidiabetic property in vitro. The aim of this study is to investigate and characterize as a potential source of antidiabetic compounds. The screening of the active parts used, such as trunk bark, heartwood, and the leaves of indicated that all these extracted parts used with methanol demonstrated potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Production and Bioactivity-Guided Isolation of Antioxidants with α-Glucosidase Inhibitory and Anti-NO Properties from Marine Chitinous Materials.

Natural and bioactive products have been of great interest due to their benefit as health foods and drugs to prevent various diseases. The aim of this study is to efficiently reuse marine chitinous materials (CMs), abundant and low-cost fishery by-products, for the bio-synthesis, isolation, and identification of antioxidant compounds possessing some other beneficial bioactivities. sp.

Synthesis and characterization of novel astragalin galactosides using β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans.

Astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, Ast) is a kind of flavonoid known to have anti-oxidant, anti-HIV, anti-allergic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It has low solubility in water. In this study, novel astragalin galactosides (Ast-Gals) were synthesized using β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans and reaction conditions were optimized to increase the conversion yield of astragallin.

Seawater ultrafiltration: role of particles on organic rejections and permeate fluxes.

The role of natural compounds of seawater and added particles on mechanisms of membrane fouling and organic matter rejection has been investigated. Ultrafiltration (100 kDa) has been conducted in both dead-end (out/in) and tangential (in/out) modes on polysulfone hollow fibre membranes. The permeate fluxes are approximately three times higher for tangential ultrafiltration than for dead-end ultrafiltration without differences between settled and non-settled seawaters (NS-SWs) (51-55 L h(-1) m(-2) for tangential and 17-22 L h(-1) m(-2) for dead-end ultrafiltration).