Lignin nano/micro-particles from agricultural biomasses: Developing direct precipitation for integrated biorefinery.

The state-of-the-art, simple and scalable methods for lignin micro-/nano-particles recovery from agricultural biomasses were evaluated in this review. Being non-wood biomasses, these materials can be easily fibrillated, supporting the usage of mild soda or organic solvent pretreatment. Different approaches in particle recovery were compared to conclude that the bottom-up approach facilitates smaller particles towards the nano-size range whereas mechanical treatment can act as a supporting method to increase uniformity and reduce particle sizes after bottom-up precipitation.

Precision Cancer Therapy Enabled Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Conjugated Manganese Core Phthalocyanine Bismuth Nanocomposite for Dual Imaging-Guided Breast Cancer Treatment.

Cancer remains a formidable global health challenge, demanding the exploration of innovative treatment modalities with minimized side effects. One promising avenue involves the synergistic integration of targeted photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT), utilizing specially designed functional nanomaterials for precise cancer diagnosis and treatment. This study introduces a composite biomaterial, anti-epidermal growth factor receptor-conjugated manganese core phthalocyanine bismuth (anti-EGFR-MPB), synthesized for precise cancer imaging and treatment.

Emergence of in Vietnam: A case series.

, a globally emerging pathogen, has posed a significant threat to hospitalized individuals during the COVID-19 in Vietnam. This case series reported (1) common patterns in five patients with non-multidrug-resistant infections (multiple comorbidities, severe-to-critical illness, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, or history of surgery/invasive procedures) and (2) high rate of -associated mortality in this medical setting (four deaths out of five cases). Further studies are needed to (1) identify risk factors for infections and mortality and (2) investigate the effects of screening and preventive measures for , especially in low-resource settings.

Co-infections and secondary infections amid COVID-19 outbreaks in Vietnam.

Background: The mortality risk of co-infections/secondary infections (CoI/ScI) is under-reported in patients with non-critical COVID-19, leading to the under-management of CoI/ScI and publication bias in the medical literature. We aimed to investigate the association between CoI/ScI and mortality in patients hospitalised with mild-to-severe COVID-19.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a COVID-19 treatment hospital in Vietnam and collected all eligible medical records, with CoI/ScI status as the exposure (non-CoI/ScI and CoI/ScI, with the latter including nature of pathogen [bacterial, fungal, or bacterial + fungal] and multidrug-resistance pathogen [no MDRp or ≥ 1 MDRp]).

Precision-engineered metal and metal-oxide nanoparticles for biomedical imaging and healthcare applications.

The growing field of nanotechnology has witnessed numerous advancements over the past few years, particularly in the development of engineered nanoparticles. Compared with bulk materials, metal nanoparticles possess more favorable properties, such as increased chemical activity and toxicity, owing to their smaller size and larger surface area. Metal nanoparticles exhibit exceptional stability, specificity, sensitivity, and effectiveness, making them highly useful in the biomedical field.

Fcg-Former: Identification of Functional Groups in FTIR Spectra Using Enhanced Transformer-Based Model.

Deep learning (DL) is becoming more popular as a useful tool in various scientific domains, especially in chemistry applications. In the infrared spectroscopy field, where identifying functional groups in unknown compounds poses a significant challenge, there is a growing need for innovative approaches to streamline and enhance analysis processes. This study introduces a transformative approach leveraging a DL methodology based on transformer attention models.

An Effective Health System Approach to End TB: Implementing the Double X Strategy in Vietnam.

Countries that are high burden for TB must reverse the COVID-19 pandemic's devastating effects to accelerate progress toward ending TB. Vietnam's Double X (2X) strategy uses chest radiography (CXR) and GeneXpert (Xpert) rapid diagnostic testing to improve early detection of TB disease. Household contacts and vulnerable populations (e.

Fetal growth delay caused by loss of non-canonical imprinting is resolved late in pregnancy and culminates in offspring overgrowth.

Germline epigenetic programming, including genomic imprinting, substantially influences offspring development. Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) plays an important role in Histone 3 Lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3)-dependent imprinting, loss of which leads to growth and developmental changes in mouse offspring. In this study, we show that offspring from mouse oocytes lacking the PRC2 protein Embryonic Ectoderm Development (EED) were initially developmentally delayed, characterised by low blastocyst cell counts and substantial growth delay in mid-gestation embryos.

Ginsenoside Rg3, enriched in red ginseng extract, improves lipopolysaccharides-induced suppression of brown and beige adipose thermogenesis with mitochondrial activation.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) which is a critical regulator of energy homeostasis, and its activity is inhibited by obesity and low-grade chronic inflammation. Ginsenoside Rg3, the primary constituent of Korean red ginseng (steamed Panax ginseng CA Meyer), has shown therapeutic potential in combating inflammatory and metabolic diseases. However, it remains unclear whether Rg3 can protect against the suppression of browning or activation of BAT induced by inflammation.

Hyaluronic acid functionalized iron-platinum nanoparticles for photothermal therapy and photoacoustic imaging.

This study represents an innovative approach to construct multi-functional nanoplatforms for cancer diagnosis and therapy by combining hyaluronic acid (HA) with iron-platinum nanoparticles (FePt NPs). These HA-coated FePt NPs, referred to as FePt@HA NPs, demonstrated remarkable biocompatibility, high absorption, and excellent light-to-heat conversion properties in the near-infrared (NIR) region, making them ideal candidates for photothermal therapy (PTT). In vitro studies revealed their effective cancer cell eradication under NIR laser irradiation, while in vivo experiments on mice showcased their superior heating capabilities.

Removal of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) from aqueous solution by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes): Uptake, accumulation, and translocation.

Although Eichhornia crassipes, commonly known as water hyacinth, has been widely used in wastewater treatment, further investigations are still needed to explore the removal efficiency of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) from the aqueous environment using this floating aquatic plant. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was conducted to assess accumulation, bioconcentration factors (BCFs), translocation factors (TFs), and removal rates of eight PFAAs by water hyacinth. The obtained results indicated that all PFAAs, including five perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) with chain lengths C4-C8 and three perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) with C4, C6, and C8, were readily accumulated in water hyacinth.

BM-BronchoLC - A rich bronchoscopy dataset for anatomical landmarks and lung cancer lesion recognition.

Flexible bronchoscopy has revolutionized respiratory disease diagnosis. It offers direct visualization and detection of airway abnormalities, including lung cancer lesions. Accurate identification of airway lesions during flexible bronchoscopy plays an important role in the lung cancer diagnosis.

Smartphone-based paper strip assay for putrescine and spermidine detection using hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite with Eu complex.

A new method utilizing fluorescent ratiometry is proposed for detecting putrescine and spermidine. The method involves the use of a fluorescent probe comprising a 2D halide perovskite synthesized from octadecylamine-iodine and PbI a grinding-sonicating technique, along with a Eu-complex. Upon excitation at 290 nm, the probe fluoresces at two distinguishable wavelengths.

Psychological Distress and its Association With Job Satisfaction Among Hospital Pharmacists in Vietnam.

No previous studies have examined the relationship between stress, anxiety, and depression among pharmacists in Vietnam. This study aims to investigate the correlation between stress, anxiety, depression, and job satisfaction among hospital pharmacists in Vietnam. The study comprised a 12-month cross-sectional survey in Can Tho City, Vietnam, with 11 conveniently selected hospitals.

Effects of Lianhuaqingwen Capsules in adults with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019: an international, multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Background: In a randomized trial, Lianhuaqingwen (LHQW) capsule was effective for accelerating symptom recovery among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the lack of blinding and limited sample sizes decreased the level of clinical evidence.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of LHQW capsule in adults with mild-to-moderate COVID-19.

Computer-Aided Detection for Chest Radiography to Improve the Quality of Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Vietnam's District Health Facilities: An Implementation Study.

In Vietnam, chest radiography (CXR) is used to refer people for GeneXpert (Xpert) testing to diagnose tuberculosis (TB), demonstrating high yield for TB but a wide range of CXR abnormality rates. In a multi-center implementation study, computer-aided detection (CAD) was integrated into facility-based TB case finding to standardize CXR interpretation. CAD integration was guided by a programmatic framework developed for routine implementation.

Preparation, characterization, and Staphylococcus aureus biofilm elimination effect of baicalein-loaded tyrosine/hyaluronic acid/β-cyclodextrin-grafted chitosan nano-delivery system.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important cause of infections associated with implanted medical devices due to the formation of bacterial biofilm, which can prevent the penetration of drugs, thus posing a serious multi-drug resistance. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of them.

Polyethylene Glycol Confined in SiO-Modified Expanded Graphite as Novel Form-Stable Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage.

Form-stable phase change materials (FSPCMs) composed of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) encapsulated in SiO-modified expanded graphite (EG@SiO) were prepared and investigated for thermal energy storage behaviors. The modification of SiO on EG was done using a simple sol-gel method, and then the resulting EG@SiO was introduced to confine PEG at varying content (60-90 wt %). Surface properties (including microstructure, morphology, and functional groups), PEG adsorptivity, leakage-proof ability, and thermal energy storage of the prepared materials were thoroughly characterized and discussed.

Preimplantation embryo exposure to ketone bodies exerts sex-specific effects on mouse fetal and placental transcriptomes.

Research Question: Does in vitro exposure of preimplantation mouse embryos to the ketone bodies β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) and acetoacetate (AcAc) impact post-transfer fetal and placental gene expression?

Design: Blastocysts cultured in vitro with or without 2 mmol/l βOHB alone ('βOHB') or combined with 0.8 mmol/l AcAc ('Keto') underwent embryo transfer. Transcriptional profiles of sexed placenta, liver and brain at gestational day 14.

Added value of the pulmonary vein pulsatility index and its correlation to neonatal umbilical artery pH in fetal growth restrictions: a Vietnamese matched cohort study.

Background: In clinical obstetrics, many guidelines recommended the use of Doppler fetal ductus venosus blood flow to monitor and to manage fetal growth restriction (FGR). The ductus venosus and the pulmonary venous flow pattern of fetuses are similar. Umbilical artery pH (UA pH) is essential in identifying adverse pregnancy outcomes, particularly in fetal growth restriction cases.

Characterization and Bioactivity of L. Extract-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Co-Precipitation Method.

Green synthesis and nanomaterials have been the current trends in biomedical materials. In this study, L. leaf extract-doped ZnO nanoparticles (PLE-doped ZnO NPs), a novel nanomaterial, were studied including the synthesis process, and the biomedical activity was evaluated.

Antihyperglycemic and anti-type 2 diabetic activity of marine hydroquinone isolated from brown algae ().

Background And Aims: Brown algae () extract (DP) presented high inhibitory potential against α-amylase. The present study aims to isolate, purify and evaluate the antihyperglycemic and anti-type 2 diabetic activities of marine hydroquinone from DP.

Methods: Marine hydroquinones were isolated using silica gel, HPLC, and NMR spectroscopy was used to identify compound 1 and compound 2 as zonarol and isozonarol, respectively.

Clinical use of remdesivir in COVID-19 treatment: a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: This study investigated remdesivir's clinical use to provide direct evidence of effectiveness for a low-middle income Asian setting.

Design: A one-to-one propensity score matching retrospective cohort study.

Setting: A tertiary hospital with COVID-19 treatment facilities in Vietnam.