Coaxial printing of double-layered and free-standing blood vessel analogues without ultraviolet illumination for high-volume vascularised tissue.

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were coaxially and continuously extruded without ultraviolet illumination using a microfluidic-based nozzle. Type I collagen (3 mg ml) containing HUVECs and a crosslinking reagent (100 mM CaCl) were supplied as the core material. A mixture of 3 mg ml of type I collagen (25%) and 1.

Cell Attachment on Inside-Outside Surface and Cell Encapsulation in Wall of Microscopic Tubular Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue-Like Formation.

By using the microfluidic spinning technology we generated tiny hydrogel tubular scaffolds. Fibroblast (NIH/3T3) cell cultures were performed for seventeen days to demonstrate the potential of cell attachment on surfaces and encapsulation in the wall of he microscopic scaffolds for blood vessel-like structure forming. Over theculture period, the NIH/3T3 confluence reached around 80\%, and 100\% on the inside and outside scaffolds' surface respectively while cells proliferated and coalesced in cell group in the hydrogel wall.