Trajectories of social outcomes in individuals born very preterm from childhood to adolescence.

Aim: To compare trajectories of social functioning in peer problems and prosocial behavior from 5 to 13 years between individuals born very preterm (VPT) and full-term (FT).

Methods: Participants were from the Victorian Infant Brain Study (VIBeS) longitudinal cohort, consisting of 224 individuals born VPT and 77 born FT recruited at birth. Social functioning was measured using the parent-rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) peer problems and prosocial behavior subscales at 5, 7, and 13 years' corrected age.

Associations between low-moderate prenatal alcohol exposure and brain development in childhood.

Background: The effects of low-moderate prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on brain development have been infrequently studied.

Aim: To compare cortical and white matter structure between children aged 6 to 8 years with low-moderate PAE in trimester 1 only, low-moderate PAE throughout gestation, or no PAE.

Methods: Women reported quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy.

Low to moderate prenatal alcohol exposure and neurodevelopment in a prospective cohort of early school aged children.

Evidence is strong for adverse fetal effects of high level or chronic prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), but many pregnant women continue to drink at lower levels. The 'Asking Questions about Alcohol in pregnancy' prospective cohort aimed to determine the neurodevelopmental consequences at 6-8 years of age of low to moderate PAE. 1570 women from seven public antenatal clinics in Melbourne, Australia, provided information on frequency and quantity of alcohol use, and obstetric, lifestyle and socio-environmental confounders at four gestation timepoints.

Early parenting behaviour is associated with complex attention outcomes in middle to late childhood in children born very preterm.

Attention deficits are common in children born very preterm (VP), especially for children with higher social risk. The aim of this study was to examine the association between parenting behavior and attention in children born VP, and whether this association is influenced by familial social risk. Two hundred and twenty-four children born <30 weeks' gestation and/or with a birth weight <1250 g were recruited at birth.

Individual Attention Patterns in Children Born Very Preterm and Full Term at 7 and 13 Years of Age.

Objective: To identify attention profiles at 7 and 13 years, and transitions in attention profiles over time in children born very preterm (VP; <30 weeks' gestation) and full term (FT), and examine predictors of attention profiles and transitions.

Methods: Participants were 167 VP and 60 FT children, evaluated on profiles across five attention domains (selective, shifting and divided attention, processing speed, and behavioral attention) at 7 and 13 years using latent profile analyses. Transitions in profiles were assessed with contingency tables.

Rates of Developmental Coordination Disorder in Children Born Very Preterm.

Objective: To examine the stability of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) throughout childhood in children born very preterm and term. Further, in the very preterm group, to compare perinatal variables and neurobehavioral outcomes at 13 years of age for children with persisting DCD and those with typical motor development.

Study Design: Prospective study of 180 very preterm and 73 term-born children assessed at 5, 7, and/or 13 years of age using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, with scores ≤16th percentile used to classify DCD.

Language Skills in Children Born Preterm (<30 Wks' Gestation) Throughout Childhood: Associations With Biological and Socioenvironmental Factors.

Objective: To examine the individual and collective contribution of biological and socioenvironmental factors associated with language function at 2, 5, 7, and 13 years in children born preterm (<30 weeks' gestation or <1250 g birth weight).

Methods: Language function was assessed as part of a prospective longitudinal study of 224 children born preterm at 2, 5, 7, and 13 years using age-appropriate tools. Language Z-scores were generated based on a contemporaneous term-born control group.

Language Trajectories of Children Born Very Preterm and Full Term from Early to Late Childhood.

Objective: To identify distinct language trajectories of children born very preterm and full term from 2 to 13 years of age and examine predictors for the identified trajectories.

Study Design: A cohort of 224 children born very preterm and 77 full term controls recruited at birth were followed up at ages 2, 5, 7, and 13 years. The number of distinct language trajectories was examined using latent growth mixture modeling allowing for linear and quadratic time trends.

Developmental Trajectory of Language From 2 to 13 Years in Children Born Very Preterm.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe language functioning at 13 years of age and examine its developmental trajectory from 2 to 13 years of age in children born very preterm (VP) compared with term controls.

Methods: Two hundred and twenty-four children born VP (<30 weeks' gestation) and 77 term controls had language skills assessed by using performance-based and/or parent-report measures at 2, 5, 7, and 13 years of age. Regression models were used to compare verbal memory, grammar, semantics, and pragmatic skills between the VP and term groups at 13 years of age.

Misoprostol as an adjunct to standard uterotonics for treatment of post-partum haemorrhage: a multicentre, double-blind randomised trial.

Background: Post-partum haemorrhage is a leading cause of global maternal morbidity and mortality. Misoprostol, a prostaglandin analogue with uterotonic activity, is an attractive option for treatment because it is stable, active orally, and inexpensive. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of misoprostol as an adjunct to standard uterotonics compared with standard uterotonics alone for treatment of post-partum haemorrhage.

Treatment of post-partum haemorrhage with sublingual misoprostol versus oxytocin in women not exposed to oxytocin during labour: a double-blind, randomised, non-inferiority trial.

Background: Oxytocin, the standard of care for treatment of post-partum haemorrhage, is not available in all settings because of refrigeration requirements and the need for intravenous administration. Misoprostol, an effective uterotonic agent with several advantages for resource-poor settings, has been investigated as an alternative. This trial established whether sublingual misoprostol was similarly efficacious to intravenous oxytocin for treatment of post-partum haemorrhage in women not exposed to oxytocin during labour.

Blood pressure dynamics during pregnancy and spontaneous preterm birth.

Objective: The objective of the study was to examine whether blood pressure in early pregnancy and its rise in the second half of gestation are associated with spontaneous preterm birth in healthy, normotensive, nulliparous women.

Study Design: We included 5167 women with singleton gestation who participated in the World Health Organization Calcium Supplementation for the Prevention of Preeclampsia Trial. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure and pulse pressure at baseline (12-19 weeks of gestation) and at the midthird trimester (30-34 weeks) were calculated.

World Health Organization randomized trial of calcium supplementation among low calcium intake pregnant women.

Objective: The purpose of this trial was to determine whether calcium supplementation of pregnant women with low calcium intake reduces preeclampsia and preterm delivery.

Study Design: Randomized placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial in nulliparous normotensive women from populations with dietary calcium < 600 mg/d. Women who were recruited before gestational week 20 received supplements (1.

A randomized controlled study comparing 600 versus 1,200 microg oral misoprostol for medical management of incomplete abortion.

Objectives: Although a number of studies have shown misoprostol's promise as a nonsurgical treatment for incomplete abortion, few have systematically examined treatment protocols. This study documents the effectiveness of 600 versus 1,200 microg oral misoprostol for this indication.

Methods: From May 2002 to January 2003, 300 women with incomplete abortion were recruited at a large tertiary facility in Vietnam and randomized to either a single-dose (600 microg) or a repeated-dose (600 microg x 2) regimen of oral misoprostol for the treatment of their condition.

Misoprostol alone for early abortion: an evaluation of seven potential regimens.

Introduction: A growing body of literature has shown that misoprostol alone could be effective for early medical abortion. We evaluated seven potential regimens in women up to 56 days of gestation in order to potentially identify an optimal regimen.

Methods: In phase I of the study, women requesting early abortion were randomized to one of three misoprostol regimens (4x400 microg po every 3 h, 2x800 microg po every 6 h, 1x600 pv microg); in phase II, women were randomized to one of two regimens (2x800 microg po every 3 h, 1x800 pv microg).

Effectiveness of lifesaving skills training and improving institutional emergency obstetric care readiness in Lam Dong, Vietnam.

Essential obstetric care is promoted as the prime strategy to save women's lives in developing countries. We measured the effect of improving lifesaving skills (LSS) capacity in Vietnam, a country in which most women deliver in health facilities. A quasi-experimental study was implemented to assess the impact of LSS training and readiness (availability of essential obstetric equipment, supplies, and medication) on the diagnosis of life-threatening obstetric conditions and appropriate management of labor and birth.

WHO multinational study of three misoprostol regimens after mifepristone for early medical abortion.

Objectives: To compare the side effect profiles of regimens of oral and vaginal administration of misoprostol after a single oral dose of 200 mg of mifepristone and to investigate patients' perceptions of medical abortion.

Design: Double-blind, randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Fifteen gynaecological clinics in 11 countries.