Enhancement of exchangeable Cd and Pb immobilization in contaminated soil using Mg/Al LDH-zeolite as an effective adsorbent.

In the present study, experiments using zeolite and Mg/Al LDH-zeolite for immobilization of Cd and Pb ions in artificial soil were conducted. The conditions which affect Cd and Pb ion immobilization in soil were evaluated, namely soil pH (5-7), the mass ratio of adsorbents (1%, 3% and 5%), incubation time (15 days, 30 days and 45 days) and soil moisture (30%, 50% and 70%). The results indicated that the optimal soil pH, mass ratio of adsorbents, incubation time and soil moisture for immobilization of Cd and Pb ions by the adsorbent were, respectively, 7.

Vietnamese mothers' experiences with potty training procedure for children from birth to 2 years of age.

Objective: This study addresses mothers' experiences with potty training in a Vietnamese population.

Subjects And Methods: Forty-seven mothers were interviewed and followed from the time that their children were newborns until they were 24-months old. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Development of bladder control in the first year of life in children who are potty trained early.

Objective: To describe longitudinally the development of micturition patterns in children who are potty trained early.

Subjects And Methods: Healthy children in Vietnam from newborn up to 1 year were investigated every 3 months. This included mapping of the micturition pattern through the 4-h micturition observation method.