Soft partial release of non-aggressive stent retriever technique for very distal arterial occlusion stroke.

Background: Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for very distal vessel occlusion (DVO) stroke is increasingly performed but there is insufficient evidence on the efficacy and safety of distal EVT techniques. We hypothesized that the technique of soft partial release of non-aggressive stent retrievers (SPORNS) reduces friction on the perforating vessels during thrombectomy and thereby reduces bleeding complications.

Methods: Retrospective study including consecutive DVO patients who were treated with the SPORNS technique between 1 January 2022 and 31 December 2022 at two tertiary stroke centers.

Endovascular thrombectomy for childhood stroke (Save ChildS Pro): an international, multicentre, prospective registry study.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that endovascular thrombectomy is beneficial for treatment of childhood stroke, but the safety and effectiveness of endovascular thrombectomy has not been compared with best medical treatment. We aimed to prospectively analyse functional outcomes of endovascular thrombectomy versus best medical treatment in children with intracranial arterial occlusion stroke.

Methods: In this prospective registry study, 45 centres in 12 countries across Asia and Australia, Europe, North America, and South America reported functional outcomes for children aged between 28 days and 18 years presenting with arterial ischaemic stroke caused by a large-vessel or medium-vessel occlusion who received either endovascular thrombectomy plus best medical practice or best medical treatment alone.

Patterns of radiological response to tebentafusp in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma.

Metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM) is a rare type of melanoma with poor outcomes. The first systemic treatment to significantly prolong overall survival (OS) in patients with mUM was tebentafusp, a bispecific protein that can redirect T-cells to gp-100 positive cells. However, the objective response rate according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) may underestimate the clinical impact of tebentafusp.

How Does Target Lesion Selection Affect RECIST? A Computer Simulation Study.

Objectives: Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) is grounded on the assumption that target lesion selection is objective and representative of the change in total tumor burden (TTB) during therapy. A computer simulation model was designed to challenge this assumption, focusing on a particular aspect of subjectivity: target lesion selection.

Materials And Methods: Disagreement among readers and the disagreement between individual reader measurements and TTB were analyzed as a function of the total number of lesions, affected organs, and lesion growth.

Early Postoperative Serum Phosphate Drop Predicts Sufficient Hypertrophy After Liver Surgery.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of postoperative hypophosphatemia on liver regeneration after major liver surgery in the scenario of Associating Liver Partition with Portal vein ligation for Staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) and living liver donation (LLD).

Background: Hypophosphatemia has been described to reflect the metabolic demands of regenerating hepatocytes. Both ALPPS and LLD are characterized by an exceptionally strong liver regeneration and may be of particular interest in the context of posthepatectomy hypophosphatemia.

Implementing CT tumor volume and CT pleural thickness into future staging systems for malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Objectives: Tumor thickness and tumor volume measured by computed tomography (CT) were suggested as valuable prognosticator for patients' survival diagnosed with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). The purpose was to assess the accuracy of CT scan based preoperatively measured tumor volume and thickness compared to actual tumor weight of resected MPM specimen and pathologically assessed tumor thickness, as well as an analysis of their impact on overall survival (OS).

Methods: Between 09/2013-08/2018, 74 patients were treated with induction chemotherapy followed by (extended) pleurectomy/decortication ((E)PD).

Lung Nodules in Melanoma Patients: Morphologic Criteria to Differentiate Non-Metastatic and Metastatic Lesions.

Lung nodules are frequent findings in chest computed tomography (CT) in patients with metastatic melanoma. In this study, we assessed the frequency and compared morphologic differences of metastases and benign nodules. We retrospectively evaluated 85 patients with melanoma (AJCC stage III or IV).

Development of a Prognostic AI-Monitor for Metastatic Urothelial Cancer Patients Receiving Immunotherapy.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in advanced cancer patients remains difficult to predict. Imaging is the only technique available that can non-invasively provide whole body information of a patient's response to treatment. We hypothesize that quantitative whole-body prognostic information can be extracted by leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) for treatment monitoring, superior and complementary to the current response evaluation methods.

Prognostic Value of Deep Learning-Mediated Treatment Monitoring in Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Immunotherapy.

Background: Checkpoint inhibitors provided sustained clinical benefit to metastatic lung cancer patients. Nonetheless, prognostic markers in metastatic settings are still under research. Imaging offers distinctive advantages, providing whole-body information non-invasively, while routinely available in most clinics.

Combination of HAI-FUDR and Systemic Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Unresectable Cholangiocarcinoma: A Dose Finding Single Center Study.

Background: Unresectable cholangiocarcinoma has a poor prognosis and treatment options are limited. Combined systemic and intrahepatic chemotherapy may improve local control and enable downsizing. The aim of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of intravenous gemcitabine combined with intravenous cisplatin and hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) with floxuridine (FUDR) in patients with unresectable intrahepatic or hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Outcome of Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis and Normal Coronary Arteries Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.

Coronary artery disease and severe aortic stenosis (AS) often coexist. This study sought to investigate the impact of normal coronary arteries as negative risk marker in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Consecutive patients with severe AS undergoing TAVI were dichotomized according to the presence or absence of normal coronary arteries, defined as absence of coronary lesions with diameter stenosis ≥30% in vessels ≥1.

Accuracy of Conventional and Machine Learning Enhanced Chest Radiography for the Assessment of COVID-19 Pneumonia: Intra-Individual Comparison with CT.

Purpose: To evaluate diagnostic accuracy of conventional radiography (CXR) and machine learning enhanced CXR (mlCXR) for the detection and quantification of disease-extent in COVID-19 patients compared to chest-CT.

Methods: Real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19-patients undergoing CXR from March to April 2020 together with COVID-19 negative patients as control group were retrospectively included. Two independent readers assessed CXR and mlCXR images for presence, disease extent and type (consolidation vs.

Patterns of organizing pneumonia and microinfarcts as surrogate for endothelial disruption and microangiopathic thromboembolic events in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.

Background: To evaluate chest-computed-tomography (CT) scans in coronavirus-disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients for signs of organizing pneumonia (OP) and microinfarction as surrogate for microscopic thromboembolic events.

Methods: Real-time polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 patients undergoing chest-CT (non-enhanced, enhanced, pulmonary-angiography [CT-PA]) from March-April 2020 were retrospectively included (COVID-19-cohort). As control-groups served 175 patients from 2020 (cohort-2020) and 157 patients from 2019 (cohort-2019) undergoing CT-PA for pulmonary embolism (PE) during the respective time frame at our institution.

Multimodality imaging derived energy loss index and outcome after transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Aims: To assess whether the combination of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) data affects the grading of aortic stenosis (AS) severity under consideration of the energy loss index (ELI) in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Methods And Results: Multimodality imaging was performed in 197 patients with symptomatic severe AS undergoing TAVR at the University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. Fusion aortic valve area index (fusion AVAi) assessed by integrating MDCT derived planimetric left ventricular outflow tract area into the continuity equation was significantly larger as compared to conventional AVAi (0.

Flat chest projection in the detection and visualization of rib fractures: A cross-sectional study comparing curved and multiplanar reformation of computed tomography images in different reader groups.

Background: Rib fractures are common and potentially life-threatening. Fast and correct detection as well as comprehensive visual overview of rib fractures are of clinical and forensic importance. This study compared two computed tomography (CT) reformation methods, curved planar reformation (CPR) with conventional multiplanar reformation (MPR), regarding detection of rib fractures in different readers.

Volumetric assessment of solid pulmonary nodules on ultralow-dose CT: a phantom study.

Background: To reduce the radiation exposure from chest computed tomography (CT), ultralow-dose CT (ULDCT) protocols performed at sub-millisievert levels were previously tested for the evaluation of pulmonary nodules (PNs). The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of ULDCT and iterative image reconstruction on volumetric measurements of solid PNs.

Methods: CT datasets of an anthropomorphic chest phantom containing solid microspheres were obtained with a third-generation dual-source CT at standard dose, 1/8th, 1/20th and 1/70th of standard dose [CT volume dose index (CTDI): 0.

Erratum to the impact of slice-reduced computed tomography on histogram based densitometry assessment of lung fibrosis in patients with systemic sclerosis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.

Radiogenomics: bridging imaging and genomics.

From diagnostics to prognosis to response prediction, new applications for radiomics are rapidly being developed. One of the fastest evolving branches involves linking imaging phenotypes to the tumor genetic profile, a field commonly referred to as "radiogenomics." In this review, a general outline of radiogenomic literature concerning prominent mutations across different tumor sites will be provided.

Peripheral Blood TCR Repertoire Profiling May Facilitate Patient Stratification for Immunotherapy against Melanoma.

Many metastatic melanoma patients experience durable responses to anti-PD1 and/or anti-CTLA4; however, a significant proportion (over 50%) do not benefit from the therapies. In this study, we sought to assess pretreatment liquid biopsies for biomarkers that may correlate with response to checkpoint blockade. We measured the combinatorial diversity evenness of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire (the DE, with low values corresponding to more clonality and lack of TCR diversity) in pretreatment peripheral blood mononuclear cells from melanoma patients treated with anti-CTLA4 ( = 42) or anti-PD1 ( = 38) using a multi-N-plex PCR assay on genomic DNA (gDNA).

Pre-procedural CT angiography inferior vena cava measurements: a predictor of mortality in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Objectives: To assess the value of pre-procedural computed tomography angiography (CTA) measurements of the suprahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) to detect elevated central venous pressure (CVP) assessed by right heart catheterisation (RHC), and to predict post-procedural 1-year mortality in a cohort of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 408 consecutive patients undergoing CTA before TAVI between January 2011 and December 2014. Two hundred and five patients were included in the RHC cohort, who underwent RHC and CTA within ≤1 day prior to TAVI.

The impact of slice-reduced computed tomography on histogram-based densitometry assessment of lung fibrosis in patients with systemic sclerosis.

Background: To evaluate usability of slice-reduced sequential computed tomography (CT) compared to standard high-resolution CT (HRCT) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) for qualitative and quantitative assessment of interstitial lung disease (ILD) with respect to (I) detection of lung parenchymal abnormalities, (II) qualitative and semiquantitative visual assessment, (III) quantification of ILD by histograms and (IV) accuracy for the 20%-cut off discrimination.

Methods: From standard chest HRCT of 60 SSc patients sequential 9-slice-computed tomography (reduced HRCT) was retrospectively reconstructed. ILD was assessed by visual scoring and quantitative histogram parameters.

Impact of associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) on growth of colorectal liver metastases.

Background: Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy induces an unprecedented liver hypertrophy and enables resection of otherwise unresectable liver tumors. The effect of associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy on tumor proliferation, however, remains a concern. This study investigated the impact of associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy on growth of colorectal metastases in mice and in humans.

Circulating complement component 4d (C4d) correlates with tumor volume, chemotherapeutic response and survival in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Only limited information is available on the role of complement activation in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Thus, we investigated the circulating and tissue levels of the complement component 4d (C4d) in MPM. Plasma samples from 55 MPM patients, 21 healthy volunteers (HV) and 14 patients with non-malignant pleural diseases (NMPD) were measured by ELISA for C4d levels.

Phase I study of a chloroquine-gemcitabine combination in patients with metastatic or unresectable pancreatic cancer.

Purpose: Following a previously published pre-clinical validation, this phase I study evaluated the safety, maximum tolerated dose, anti-tumour activity and immune status of a gemcitabine-chloroquine combination as a first- or late-line treatment in patients with metastatic or unresectable pancreatic cancer.

Methods: In this 3 + 3 dose escalation study, patients received a single weekly standard dose of intravenous gemcitabine, followed by single weekly oral intake of 100, 200 or 300 mg of chloroquine. Tumour response was assessed using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.