Azithromycin targets the CD27 pathway to modulate CD27hi T-lymphocyte expansion and type-1 effector phenotype.

Macrolide antibiotic azithromycin is widely used in clinical practice to treat respiratory tract infections and inflammatory diseases. However, its mechanism of action is not fully understood. Given the involvement of the CD27 pathway in the pathophysiology of various T-lymphocyte-mediated inflammatory, autoimmune, and lymphoproliferative diseases, we examined the impact of AZM on CD27 regulation and potential consequences on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell phenotypes.

Virus-Induced Host Chemokine CCL2 in COVID-19 Pathogenesis: Potential Prognostic Marker and Target of Anti-Inflammatory Strategy.

A wide variety of inflammatory mediators, mainly cytokines and chemokines, are induced during SARS CoV-2 infection. Among these proinflammatory mediators, chemokines tend to play a pivotal role in virus-mediated immunopathology. The C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a potent proinflammatory cytokine and strong chemoattractant of monocytes, macrophages and CD4+ T cells bearing C-C chemokine receptor type-2 (CCR2).

Azithromycin downregulates ICOS (CD278) and OX40 (CD134) expression and mTOR activity of TCR-activated T cells to inhibit proliferation.

The precise mechanism of macrolide antibiotic azithromycin (AZM) mediated CD4+ T cell suppression is not fully understood. Given the crucial role of co-stimulatory signaling in T-lymphocyte function, we tested in vitro effects of AZM on two of the most extensively investigated costimulatory molecules, ICOS and OX40 in context to CD4+ T cell proliferation. Using multi-color flow cytometry approach on TCR-activated healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we observed a marked reduction in the frequencies and surface expression of ICOS and OX40 receptors following AZM treatment.

Sanguinarine mediated apoptosis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer via generation of reactive oxygen species and suppression of JAK/STAT pathway.

Effective treatment of lung cancer remains a significant clinical challenge due to its multidrug resistance and side effects of the current treatment options. The high mortality associated with this malignancy indicates the need for new therapeutic interventions with fewer side effects. Natural compounds offer various benefits such as easy access, minimal side effects, and multi-molecular targets and thus, can prove useful in treating lung cancer.