Multiple microbial guilds mediate soil methane cycling along a wetland salinity gradient.

Estuarine wetlands harbor considerable carbon stocks, but rising sea levels could affect their ability to sequester soil carbon as well as their potential to emit methane (CH). While sulfate loading from seawater intrusion may reduce CH production due to the higher energy yield of microbial sulfate reduction, existing studies suggest other factors are likely at play. Our study of 11 wetland complexes spanning a natural salinity and productivity gradient across the San Francisco Bay and Delta found that while CH fluxes generally declined with salinity, they were highest in oligohaline wetlands (ca.

Zeta diversity patterns in metabarcoded lotic algal assemblages as a tool for bioassessment.

Assessments of the ecological health of algal assemblages in streams typically focus on measures of their local diversity and classify individuals by morphotaxonomy. Such assemblages are often connected through various ecological processes, such as dispersal, and may be more accurately assessed as components of regional-, rather than local-scale assemblages. With recent declines in the costs of sequencing and computation, it has also become increasingly feasible to use metabarcoding to more accurately classify algal species and perform regional-scale bioassessments.

Integrative monitoring strategy for marine and freshwater harmful algal blooms and toxins across the freshwater-to-marine continuum.

Many coastal states throughout the USA have observed negative effects in marine and estuarine environments caused by cyanotoxins produced in inland waterbodies that were transported downstream or produced in the estuaries. Estuaries and other downstream receiving waters now face the dual risk of impacts from harmful algal blooms (HABs) that occur in the coastal ocean as well as those originating in inland watersheds. Despite this risk, most HAB monitoring efforts do not account for hydrological connections in their monitoring strategies and designs.

Correction: Bueno de Mesquita et al. Methylphosphonate Degradation and Salt-Tolerance Genes of Two Novel Halophilic Metagenome-Assembled Genomes from Unrestored Solar Salterns. 2022, , 148.

The authors have requested that the following change be made to their paper [...

Methylphosphonate Degradation and Salt-Tolerance Genes of Two Novel Halophilic Metagenome-Assembled Genomes from Unrestored Solar Salterns.

Aerobic bacteria that degrade methylphosphonates and produce methane as a byproduct have emerged as key players in marine carbon and phosphorus cycles. Here, we present two new draft genome sequences of the genus that were assembled from metagenomes from hypersaline former industrial salterns and compare them to five other reference genomes. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that both of these metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) represent new species in the genus.

Methanogenesis and Salt Tolerance Genes of a Novel Halophilic Methanosarcinaceae Metagenome-Assembled Genome from a Former Solar Saltern.

Anaerobic archaeal methanogens are key players in the global carbon cycle due to their role in the final stages of organic matter decomposition in anaerobic environments such as wetland sediments. Here we present the first draft metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) sequence of an unclassified Methanosarcinaceae methanogen phylogenetically placed adjacent to the and genera that appears to be a distinct genus and species. The genome is derived from sediments of a hypersaline (97-148 ppt chloride) unrestored industrial saltern that has been observed to be a significant methane source.

Microbial drivers of methane emissions from unrestored industrial salt ponds.

Wetlands are important carbon (C) sinks, yet many have been destroyed and converted to other uses over the past few centuries, including industrial salt making. A renewed focus on wetland ecosystem services (e.g.

Multiple co-occurring and persistently detected cyanotoxins and associated cyanobacteria in adjacent California lakes.

The global proliferation of toxin producing cyanobacterial blooms has been attributed to a wide variety of environmental factors with nutrient pollution, increased temperatures, and drought being three of the most significant. The current study is the first formal assessment of cyanotoxins in two impaired lakes, Canyon Lake and Lake Elsinore, in southern California that have a history of cyanobacterial blooms producing high biomass as measured by chl-a. Cyanotoxins in Lake Elsinore were detected at concentrations that persistently exceeded California recreational health thresholds, whereas Canyon Lake experienced persistent concentrations that only occasionally exceeded health thresholds.

The importance of open science for biological assessment of aquatic environments.

Open science principles that seek to improve science can effectively bridge the gap between researchers and environmental managers. However, widespread adoption has yet to gain traction for the development and application of bioassessment products. At the core of this philosophy is the concept that research should be reproducible and transparent, in addition to having long-term value through effective data preservation and sharing.

Translational Molecular Ecology in practice: Linking DNA-based methods to actionable marine environmental management.

Molecular-based approaches can provide timely biodiversity assessments, showing an immense potential to facilitate decision-making in marine environmental management. However, the uptake of molecular data into environmental policy remains minimal. Here, we showcase a selection of local to global scale studies applying molecular-based methodologies for environmental management at various stages of implementation.

Using co-occurrence network topology in assessing ecological stress in benthic macroinvertebrate communities.

Ecological monitoring of streams has often focused on assessing the biotic integrity of individual benthic macroinvertebrate (BMI) communities through local measures of diversity, such as taxonomic or functional richness. However, as individual BMI communities are frequently linked by a variety of ecological processes at a regional scale, there is a need to assess biotic integrity of groups of communities at the scale of watersheds. Using 4,619 sampled communities of streambed BMIs, we investigate this question using co-occurrence networks generated from groups of communities selected within California watersheds under different levels of stress due to upstream land use.

Comparative molecular microbial ecology of the spring haptophyte bloom in a greenland arctic oligosaline lake.

The Arctic is highly sensitive to increasing global temperatures and is projected to experience dramatic ecological shifts in the next few decades. Oligosaline lakes are common in arctic regions where evaporation surpasses precipitation, however these extreme microbial communities are poorly characterized. Many oligosaline lakes, in contrast to freshwater ones, experience annual blooms of haptophyte algae that generate valuable alkenone biomarker records that can be used for paleoclimate reconstruction.

Microbial community structure across the tree of life in the extreme Río Tinto.

Understanding biotic versus abiotic forces that shape community structure is a fundamental aim of microbial ecology. The acidic and heavy metal extreme Río Tinto (RT) in southwestern Spain provides a rare opportunity to conduct an ecosystem-wide biodiversity inventory at the level of all three domains of life, because diversity there is low and almost exclusively microbial. Despite improvements in high-throughput DNA sequencing, environmental biodiversity studies that use molecular metrics and consider entire ecosystems are rare.

Signaling crossroads: the function of Raf kinase inhibitory protein in cancer, the central nervous system and reproduction.

The Raf kinase inhibitory protein 1 (RKIP-1) and its orthologs are conserved throughout evolution and widely expressed in eukaryotic organisms. In its non-phosphorylated form RKIP-1 negatively regulates the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway by interfering with the activity of Raf-1. In its phosphorylated state, RKIP-1 dissociates from Raf-1 and inhibits GRK-2, a negative regulator of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs).

Raf kinase inhibitory protein knockout mice: expression in the brain and olfaction deficit.

Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP-1) is involved in the regulation of the MAP kinase, NF-kappaB, and GPCR signaling pathways. It is expressed in numerous tissues and cell types and orthologues have been documented throughout the animal and plant kingdoms. RKIP-1 has also been reported as an inhibitor of serine proteases, and a precursor of a neurostimulatory peptide.

Identification of malingered head injury on the wechsler adult intelligence scale - 3rd edition.

Head injured patients show an IQ subtest pattern that can be discriminated from the profile produced by individuals who attempt to malinger intellectual decline due to head trauma. The current paper demonstrates that previously replicated methods for making this discrimination on the WAIS - R generalize to the WAIS - 3. The discriminant function equation accurately classified 83% of nonlitigating head-trauma patients with documented injuries and 72% of persons simulating intellectual impairment due to head trauma.

Spinal muscular atrophy disrupts the interaction of ZPR1 with the SMN protein.

The survival motor neurons (smn) gene in mice is essential for embryonic viability. In humans, mutation of the telomeric copy of the SMN1 gene causes spinal muscular atrophy, an autosomal recessive disease. Here we report that the SMN protein interacts with the zinc-finger protein ZPR1 and that these proteins colocalize in small subnuclear structures, including gems and Cajal bodies.

Prospective study of the MMPI-2 correction factor after mild head injury.

Gass (1991) proposed a correction factor composed of 14 MMPI-2 items that were characteristically endorsed by patients with closed-head injury. Their frequency of occurrence suggested that the items reflected the neurological rather than emotional consequences of head injury. The current study was designed to evaluate the interpretive significance of correction factor items after mild head trauma.

The cytoplasmic zinc finger protein ZPR1 accumulates in the nucleolus of proliferating cells.

The zinc finger protein ZPR1 translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus after treatment of cells with mitogens. The function of nuclear ZPR1 has not been defined. Here we demonstrate that ZPR1 accumulates in the nucleolus of proliferating cells.

The epidermal growth factor receptor is covalently linked to ubiquitin.

Incubation of cultured human fibroblasts with epidermal growth factor (EGF) causes a proliferative response that is mediated by the binding of the growth factor to specific cell surface receptors. One event that occurs rapidly following EGF binding is the covalent modification of the EGF receptor (EGF-R) by phosphorylation on Ser, Thr, and Tyr residues. Here we report the identification of ubiquitination as a second form of EGF-stimulated covalent modification of the receptor.

Surveillance and ascertainment of cardiovascular events. The Cardiovascular Health Study.

While previous prospective multicenter studies have conducted cardiovascular disease surveillance, few have detailed the techniques relating to the ascertainment of and data collection for events. The Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) is a population-based study of coronary heart disease and stroke in older adults. This article summarizes the CHS events protocol and describes the methods of surveillance and ascertainment of hospitalized and nonhospitalized events, the use of medical records and other support documents, organizational issues at the field center level, and the classification of events through an adjudication process.

Mutational removal of the major site of serine phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor causes potentiation of signal transduction: role of receptor down-regulation.

The major site of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) serine phosphorylation is located within the COOH-terminal domain of the receptor at Ser1046/7. We have previously demonstrated that this phosphorylation site accounts for the acute desensitization of the EGF-R observed in EGF-treated cells. Here we show that the mutational removal of this negative regulatory phosphorylation site causes potentiation of signal transduction by the EGF-R.

Protein-tyrosine kinase activity of alternate protein products of the Drosophila Dsrc28C locus.

The Dsrc28C gene is a unique member of the extensive tyrosine kinase family. Two proteins, p66Dsrc28C and p55Dsrc28C, are encoded by the gene. Each contains a highly conserved tyrosine kinase domain and each lacks the usual amino-terminal myristylation signal.

Signal transduction by the epidermal growth factor receptor is attenuated by a COOH-terminal domain serine phosphorylation site.

It has been proposed that the acute desensitization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) function can be accounted for, in part, by the effect of EGF to increase phosphorylation of the receptor at Ser1046/7 (Countaway, J.L., Nairn, A.

Increased oncogenic potential of ErbB is associated with the loss of a COOH-terminal domain serine phosphorylation site.

The erbB oncogene encodes an altered form of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor that lacks the extracellular ligand binding domain. This oncogene is exclusively leukemogenic. However, an increase in oncogenic potential and a broadening of the tissue specificity of tumor formation occurs after retroviral transduction of erbB.