Randomized trial of prophylactic antibiotics vs. placebo after midshaft-to-distal hypospadias repair: the PROPHY Study.

Background: Use of prophylactic antibiotics after stented hypospadias repair is very common, but most research has not identified any clinical benefits of this practice. Only one study has found that postoperative prophylaxis reduces symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs). Data from the same trial suggested that prophylaxis may also reduce urethroplasty complications.

Movement of traditional fecal indicator bacteria and source-tracking targets through septic drainfields.

The past three decades' data on outbreaks in the United States indicate that homes dependent on untreated groundwater (e.g. wells) for household drinking water that are also reliant on onsite treatment of household wastewater (e.

Cardiovascular effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate and progesterone: a case of mistaken identity?

Heart disease presentation can differ between the sexes because nonobstructive coronary disease and angina unrelated to exercise are considerably more prevalent in women than in men. When the outcomes of large, randomized, controlled trials failed to demonstrate cardiac risk protection, many women and their physicians abandoned hormone replacement therapy as primary or secondary prevention for cardiovascular disease. We are concerned that the apparent blanket condemnation of steroids has not sufficiently distinguished between the cardiovascular actions of estrogen, progesterone and the synthetic progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate.

County and organizational predictors of depression symptoms among low-income nursing assistants in the USA.

Low-wage workers represent an ever-increasing proportion of the US workforce. A wide spectrum of firms demand low-wage workers, yet just 10 industries account for 70% of all low-paying jobs. The bulk of these jobs are in the services and retail sales industries.

County level socioeconomic position, work organization and depression disorder: a repeated measures cross-classified multilevel analysis of low-income nursing home workers.

Unlabelled: This study simultaneously tests the effect of county, organizational, workplace, and individual level variables on depressive disorders among low-income nursing assistants employed in US nursing homes. A total of 482 observations are used from two waves of survey data collection, with an average two-year interval between initial and follow-up surveys. The overall response rate was 62 percent.

Flashbulb memories of personal events of 9/11 and the day after for a sample of New York City residents.

The present study assessed consistency of recollections of personal circumstances of the 9/11 World Trade Center attack and events of the day before (9/10), and the day after (9/12), in a sample of 100 New York City college students. The day before 9/11 represented an ordinary event. A questionnaire was administered twice, 1 wk.

Social austerity versus structural reform in European health systems: a four-country comparison of health reforms.

Cost containment has captured the attention of health policymakers in most OECD countries, and deliberations about creating powerful financial incentives dominate health care politics. Some European health systems are now implementing hospital payment schemes that mirror the U.S.