Oral meloxicam given as an ancillary treatment at respiratory disease diagnosis was not associated with growth, clinical scores, or ultrasound scores in preweaned dairy calves.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of a single dose of oral meloxicam as an ancillary therapy to an antibiotic given at the time of respiratory disease identification on average daily gain (ADG), behavioral attitude, clinical respiratory, and lung ultrasound scores in preweaned dairy calves.

Animals: 215 male and female Holstein, Jersey, and crossbred preweaned calves enrolled between 1 and 14 days of age at study enrollment on a single commercial dairy in the western US.

Methods: The study took place from March 4, 2021, to November 21, 2021.

Assessing the effects of experimental bacterial challenge with Pasteurella multocida and ampicillin on the respiratory microbiota of pre-weaned Holstein calves.

The association between changes in the respiratory microbiota and Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) in dairy calves is not well understood. We investigated characteristics of the nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiota associated with BRD following Pasteurella multocida infection. We also evaluated the effect of ampicillin on the respiratory microbiota.

Behavior assessment and applications for BRD diagnosis: preweaned dairy calves.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an important disease in dairy calves due to its long-lasting effects. Early identification results in better outcomes for the animal, but producers struggle to identify all calves with BRD. Sickness behavior, or the behavioral changes that accompany illness, has been investigated for its usefulness as a disease detection tool.

Automated Feeding Behaviors Associated with Subclinical Respiratory Disease in Preweaned Dairy Calves.

Little is known about feeding behaviors in young dairy calves with subclinical respiratory disease (SBRD). The objective of this study was to determine if calves with their first case of SBRD exhibit different feeding behaviors during the 7 d around detection, compared to calves with their first case of clinical BRD (CBRD) or without BRD (NOBRD). Preweaned, group-housed dairy calves (n = 103; 21 ± 6 d of age) underwent twice weekly health exams (lung ultrasound and clinical respiratory score; CRS); health exams were used to classify the BRD status for each calf: SBRD (no clinical signs and lung consolidation ≥ 1cm; n = 73), CBRD (clinical signs and lung consolidation ≥ 1cm; n = 18), or NOBRD (never had lung consolidation ≥ 1cm or CRS+; n = 12).

How Does Housing Influence Bovine Respiratory Disease in Dairy and Veal Calves?

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young cattle. Housing factors that lead to poor ventilation and stagnant air are often considered the primary reasons for high levels of endemic disease. This article reviews the literature from the past 40 years in order to determine which housing factors have been associated with respiratory disease.

Genomic analysis of bovine respiratory disease and lung consolidation in preweaned Holstein calves using clinical scoring and lung ultrasound.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in dairy calves, with detrimental long-term effects that include stunted growth, increased age at first calving, and decreased milk production in first lactation. The objectives of this study were to establish a protocol for objective and efficient assessment of BRD phenotypes in preweaned dairy calves, develop a genomic reference population with well-defined clinical and subclinical phenotypes, identify chromosomal regions associated with BRD in a genome-wide association study, estimate genetic parameters of BRD, and predict genomic breeding values of dairy calves. A total of 1,107 Holstein calves from 6 dairy farms in southern Wisconsin were examined using clinical respiratory scoring and lung ultrasound at 3 and 6 wk of age.

On-Farm Use of Ultrasonography for Bovine Respiratory Disease.

Thoracic ultrasonography (TUS) in young cattle has recently gained momentum as an accurate and practical tool for identifying the lung lesions associated with bovine respiratory disease. As cattle producers increasingly seek input from their veterinarians on respiratory health issues, bovine practitioners should consider adding TUS to their practice models. This article discusses the relevant literature regarding TUS in young cattle, current acceptable techniques, and practical on-farm applications.

Localization of annexins A1 and A2 in the respiratory tract of healthy calves and those experimentally infected with Mannheimia haemolytica.

Annexins A1 and A2 are proteins known to function in the stress response, dampening inflammatory responses and mediating fibrinolysis. We found, in healthy cattle recently arrived to a feedlot, that lower levels of these proteins correlated with later development of pneumonia. Here we determine the localization of annexin A1 and A2 proteins in the respiratory tract and in leukocytes, in healthy calves and those with Mannheimia haemolytica pneumonia.

B-cell multicentric lymphoma as a probable cause of abortion in a Quarter horse broodmare.

A 5-year-old Quarter horse broodmare was evaluated for inappetence, depression, and diarrhea 13 days after aborting a 9-month gestation fetus. Clinical and laboratory examination ruled out uterine rupture and peritonitis. Ultrasonography of the uterus combined with cytological analysis of peritoneal fluid suggested the existence of diffuse lymphoma.

Description of fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in experimentally challenged dairy calves.

The objective was to describe the probability of Cryptosporidium parvum fecal oocyst shedding at different magnitudes of exposure, the pattern of fecal shedding over time, and factors affecting fecal shedding in dairy calves. Within the first 24 h of life, 36 calves were experimentally challenged with C. parvum oocysts at one of four possible magnitudes of oral exposure (1 × 10(3), 1 × 10(4), 1 × 10(5), and 1 × 10(6) oocysts), and 7 control calves were sham dosed.

Effect of nutritional plane on health and performance in dairy calves after experimental infection with Cryptosporidium parvum.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of nutritional plane on health and performance of dairy calves after infection with Cryptosporidium parvum.

Design: Randomized, controlled trial.

Animals: 20 Holstein bull calves.

Prognostic indicators for nonambulatory cattle treated by use of a flotation tank system in a referral hospital: 51 cases (1997-2008).

Objective: To evaluate clinical variables assessed during the first 24 hours of hospitalization as prognostic indicators for nonambulatory cattle treated by use of a flotation tank.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 51 nonambulatory cattle that underwent flotation treatment.