Drones delivering automated external defibrillators for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A scoping review.

Unlabelled: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains a critical health concern, where prompt access to automated external defibrillators (AEDs) significantly improves survival. This scoping review broadly investigates the feasibility and impact of dronedelivered AEDs for OHCA response.

Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched from inception to August 6, 2024, with eligibility broadly including empirical data.

Accuracy of etiological classification of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A scoping review.

Introduction: The Utstein reporting template classifies the etiology of OHCA into "presumed cardiac" and "obvious non-cardiac" or "medical" and "non-medical" categories; however, the accuracy of these classifications is unclear. Ascertaining more accurately the etiology of OHCA is important to tailor advanced life support and identify etiologically consistent patient cohorts for reporting incidence and outcome and enrollment in clinical trials. This scoping review was proposed to identify the state of agreement on etiological classification based on emergency medical service (EMS) data using the Utstein format against other sources.

Basic life support and systems saving lives.

Purpose Of Review: To describe recent science in basic life support (BLS) after cardiac arrest and how evolving knowledge in resuscitation is changing current guidelines and practices.

Recent Findings: The core elements of BLS have remained mostly unchanged since 2005 when Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation recommendations were changed from 2 ventilations to 15 compressions and up to three stacked shocks for shockable rhythms, to 30 compressions to 2 ventilations and single shocks. Since 2010, basic life support has largely focused on the importance of providing high-quality CPR for professional and lay rescuers alike.

Description of call handling in emergency medical dispatch centres in Scandinavia: recognition of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests and dispatcher-assisted CPR.

Background: The European resuscitation council have highlighted emergency medical dispatch centres as an important key player for early recognition of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) and in providing dispatcher assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) before arrival of emergency medical services. Early recognition is associated with increased bystander CPR and improved survival rates. The aim of this study is to describe OHCA call handling in emergency medical dispatch centres in Copenhagen (Denmark), Stockholm (Sweden) and Oslo (Norway) with focus on sensitivity of recognition of OHCA, provision of dispatcher-assisted CPR and time intervals when CPR is initiated during the emergency call (NO-CPR), and to describe OHCA call handling when CPR is initiated prior to the emergency call (CPR).

European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Guidelines 2021: Post-resuscitation care.

The European Resuscitation Council (ERC) and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) have collaborated to produce these post-resuscitation care guidelines for adults, which are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. The topics covered include the post-cardiac arrest syndrome, diagnosis of cause of cardiac arrest, control of oxygenation and ventilation, coronary reperfusion, haemodynamic monitoring and management, control of seizures, temperature control, general intensive care management, prognostication, long-term outcome, rehabilitation, and organ donation.

European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine guidelines 2021: post-resuscitation care.

The European Resuscitation Council (ERC) and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) have collaborated to produce these post-resuscitation care guidelines for adults, which are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. The topics covered include the post-cardiac arrest syndrome, diagnosis of cause of cardiac arrest, control of oxygenation and ventilation, coronary reperfusion, haemodynamic monitoring and management, control of seizures, temperature control, general intensive care management, prognostication, long-term outcome, rehabilitation and organ donation.

Predicting severe COVID-19 in the Emergency Department.

Background: COVID-19 may lead to severe disease, requiring intensive care treatment and challenging the capacity of health care systems. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of commonly used scoring systems for sepsis and pneumonia to predict severe COVID-19 in the emergency department.

Methods: Prospective, observational, single centre study in a secondary/tertiary care hospital in Oslo, Norway.

Ventilatory support for hypoxaemic intensive care patients with COVID-19.

Background: COVID-19 pneumonia can result in severe hypoxaemic respiratory failure that requires intensive medical care. We wished to describe COVID-19 intensive care patients who were treated with and without invasive ventilatory support.

Material And Method: The material was retrieved from the local quality register and comprises data on patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care department at Oslo University Hospital Ullevål from 5 March-28 May 2020.

Esmolol for cardioprotection during resuscitation with adrenaline in an ischaemic porcine cardiac arrest model.

Background: The effectiveness of adrenaline during resuscitation continues to be debated despite being recommended in international guidelines. There is evidence that the β-adrenergic receptor (AR) effects of adrenaline are harmful due to increased myocardial oxygen consumption, post-defibrillation ventricular arrhythmias and increased severity of post-arrest myocardial dysfunction. Esmolol may counteract these unfavourable β-AR effects and thus preserve post-arrest myocardial function.

Relationship between level of CPR training, self-reported skills, and actual manikin test performance-an observational study.

Background: Quality of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills may influence out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) outcomes. We analyzed how the level of CPR training related to indicators of good CPR quality and also the relationship between self-reported skills and actual CPR performance.

Methods: Two hundred thirty-seven persons trained in standardized BLS curricula were divided into three groups according to the level of training: group I (40 h basic first aid training), group II, and group III (96 h advanced first aid, group III had also some limited additional life support training courses).

The effect of intravenous adrenaline on electrocardiographic changes during resuscitation in patients with initial pulseless electrical activity in out of hospital cardiac arrest.

Introduction: Presence of electrocardiographic rhythm in the absence of palpable pulses defines pulseless electrical activity (PEA) and the electrocardiogram (ECG) may provide a source of information during resuscitation. The aim of this study was to examine the development of ECG characteristics during advanced life support (ALS) from Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with initial PEA, and to explore the potential effects of adrenaline on these characteristics.

Methods: Patients with OHCA and initial PEA, part of randomized controlled trial of ALS with or without intravenous access and medications, were included.

Different defibrillation strategies in survivors after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Background: In the last decade, there has been a rapid increase in the dissemination of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) for prehospital defibrillation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients. The aim of this study was to study the association between different defibrillation strategies on survival rates over time in Copenhagen, Stockholm, Western Sweden and Amsterdam, and the hypothesis was that non-EMS defibrillation increased over time and was associated with increased survival.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of four prospectively collected cohorts of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients between 2008 and 2013.

Optimal loop duration during the provision of in-hospital advanced life support (ALS) to patients with an initial non-shockable rhythm.

Background: In advanced life support (ALS), time-cycled "loops" of chest compressions form the basis of action. However, the provider must compromise between interrupting compressions and detecting a change in cardiac rhythm. An "optimal" loop duration would best balance these choices.